Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India.
Indian J Gastroenterol. 2021 Feb;40(1):56-64. doi: 10.1007/s12664-020-01135-7. Epub 2021 Jan 14.
Studies on frequency and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the rural Indian population are scanty.
This household survey was undertaken by the trained interviewers in the adult population (≥ 18 years) in four villages in northern India using translated-validated Enhanced Asian Rome III and hospital anxiety and depression questionnaires.
Of 2774 subjects, 2019 (72.8%) had no heartburn. Heartburn frequency was as follows: 314 (11.3%) once/week, 143 (5.2%) twice/week, 85 (3.1%) thrice/week, 69 (2.5%) four times/week, 48 (1.7%) five times/week, 18 (0.6%) six times/week, 41 (1.5%) daily, 37 (1.4%) > once daily. A total of 298 (10.7%) had GERD (definition: heartburn > twice/week). Older age (36.5 vs. 35 years), non-Hindu religion (7, 2.4% vs. 30, 1.2%), lower education (127, 42.6% vs. 789, 31.9%), lower socioeconomic class (94, 31.5% vs. 517, 20.9%) and income (below Indian National Rupees [INR] 458; 105, 35.2% vs. 599, 24.2%), non-vegetarian diet (15, 5% vs. 105, 4.2%), intake of tea/coffee (260, 87.2% vs. 1687, 68.1%), carbonated soft drinks (216, 72.5% vs. 1234, 49.8%), and alcohol (48, 16.1% vs. 313, 12.6%), tobacco chewing (116, 38.9% vs. 681, 27.5%), and smoking (105, 35.2% vs. 672, 27.1%) were associated with GERD on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, body mass index > 25 kg/m (odds ratio [OR] 1.23; 95% CI 0.88-1.71), predominant rice eating (1.13; 0.74-1.74), tobacco chewing and smoking (1.68; 1.24-2.30 and 1.36; 0.99-1.88), and alcohol (1.2; 0.78-1.83) and carbonated soft drinks (2.48; 1.79-3.44) intake were associated with GERD. A total of 122 (41%) had associated functional dyspepsia. Psychological comorbidities were commoner among those with than without GERD.
In this rural Indian population, 10.7% had GERD and predominant rice eating, tobacco chewing, and carbonated soft drink intake were the risk factors. Psychological comorbidities were common.
农村印度人群中胃食管反流病（GERD）的频率和危险因素研究很少。
本研究通过在印度北部四个村庄的成年人群（≥18 岁）中使用经过翻译验证的增强型亚洲罗马 III 问卷和医院焦虑和抑郁问卷，由经过培训的访谈员进行了这项家庭调查。
在 2774 名受试者中，2019 名（72.8%）没有烧心。烧心的频率如下：314 名（11.3%）每周一次，143 名（5.2%）每周两次，85 名（3.1%）每周三次，69 名（2.5%）每周四次，48 名（1.7%）每周五次，18 名（0.6%）每周六次，41 名（1.5%）每天，37 名（1.4%）>每天一次。共有 298 名（10.7%）患有 GERD（定义：烧心>每周两次）。年龄较大（36.5 岁与 35 岁）、非印度教宗教（7，2.4%与 30，1.2%）、较低的教育程度（127，42.6%与 789，31.9%）、较低的社会经济阶层（94，31.5%与 517，20.9%）和收入（低于印度卢比[INR]458；105，35.2%与 599，24.2%）、非素食饮食（15，5%与 105，4.2%）、茶/咖啡摄入（260，87.2%与 1687，68.1%）、碳酸软饮料（216，72.5%与 1234，49.8%）和酒精（48，16.1%与 313，12.6%）、烟草咀嚼（116，38.9%与 681，27.5%）和吸烟（105，35.2%与 672，27.1%）在单变量分析中与 GERD 相关。多变量分析显示，体重指数>25kg/m2（比值比[OR]1.23；95%置信区间 0.88-1.71）、以大米为主食（1.13；0.74-1.74）、烟草咀嚼和吸烟（1.68；1.24-2.30 和 1.36；0.99-1.88）以及酒精（1.2；0.78-1.83）和碳酸软饮料（2.48；1.79-3.44）摄入与 GERD 相关。共有 122 名（41%）存在相关功能性消化不良。与没有 GERD 的人相比，这些人更常见心理共病。
在印度农村人口中，10.7%患有 GERD，以大米为主食、烟草咀嚼和碳酸软饮料摄入是危险因素。常见心理共病。
