Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Feb 2;55(3):1659-1671. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05957. Epub 2021 Jan 14.
The global use of >3000 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has given rise to chemical regulatory action. However, limited information exists regarding current and historical emissions for the majority of PFASs under currently implemented regulations. This study employed suspect and nontarget screening to examine the temporal trends of legacy and unregulated PFASs in liver of the endangered beluga whale () population from the St. Lawrence Estuary in Canada collected from 2000 to 2017. A suite of 54 PFASs were tentatively identified, and were grouped into nine structurally distinct classes. Single-hydrogenated perfluoro carboxylic acids (H-PFCAs), single-hydrogenated sulfonamides (H-Sulfonamides), as well as other select sulfonamides were detected for the first time in wildlife. Greater concentrations of the majority of PFASs were determined in newborns and juveniles than in adults, suggesting effective placental and lactational transfer of PFASs. Legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl acids and perfluorooctane sulfonamide in beluga whale liver were found to significantly decrease in concentration between 2000 and 2017, while unregulated short-chain PFAS alternatives, H-PFCAs, and odd-chain FTCAs were found to increase over time. The implementation of suspect and nontarget screening revealed class-specific temporal trends of PFASs in SLE beluga whales, and supported continuous emissions of unregulated PFASs into the environment.
全球使用了超过 3000 种全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFASs)，这引发了化学监管行动。然而，对于目前实施的法规中大多数 PFASs 的当前和历史排放量，信息有限。本研究采用可疑和非靶向筛选方法，检测了加拿大圣劳伦斯河口濒危白鲸（）种群肝脏中残留和不受监管的 PFASs 的时间趋势，样本采集时间为 2000 年至 2017 年。共暂定鉴定了 54 种 PFASs，并将其分为九种结构不同的类别。首次在野生动物中检测到单氢全氟羧酸 (H-PFCAs)、单氢全氟磺酰胺 (H-Sulfonamides) 以及其他选择的磺酰胺。大多数 PFASs 的浓度在新生儿和幼鲸中比在成年鲸中更高，这表明 PFASs 可以有效地通过胎盘和哺乳进行转移。2000 年至 2017 年间，白鲸肝脏中的全氟和多氟烷基酸以及全氟辛烷磺酸的浓度显著下降，而不受监管的短链 PFAS 替代品 H-PFCAs 和奇数链 FTCAs 的浓度则随着时间的推移而增加。可疑和非靶向筛选的实施揭示了 SLE 白鲸中 PFASs 的特定类别时间趋势，并支持不断向环境中排放不受监管的 PFASs。
