Pickard Heidi M, Haque Faiz, Sunderland Elsie M
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2024 Apr 9;11(4):350-356. doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00143. Epub 2024 Mar 14.
Hundreds of sites across the United States have high concentrations of perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (FASA), but little is known about their propensity to accumulate in fish. FASA are precursors to terminal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are abundant in diverse consumer products and aqueous film-forming foams manufactured using electrochemical fluorination (ECF AFFF). In this study, FASA with C3-C8 carbon chain lengths were detected in all fish samples from surface waters up to 8 km downstream of source zones with ECF AFFF contamination. Short-chain FASA ≤ C6 have rarely been included in routine screening for PFAS, but availability of new standards makes such analyses more feasible. Bioaccumulation factors (BAF) for FASA were between 1 and 3 orders of magnitude greater than their terminal perfluoroalkyl sulfonates. Across fish species, BAF for FASA were greater than for perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), which is presently the focus of national advisory programs. Similar concentrations of the C6 FASA (<0.36-175 ng g) and PFOS (0.65-222 ng g) were detected in all fish species. No safety thresholds have been established for FASA. However, high concentrations in fish next to contaminated sites and preliminary findings on toxicity suggest an urgent need for consideration by fish advisory programs.
美国各地数百个地点的全氟烷基磺酰胺（FASA）浓度很高，但人们对它们在鱼类体内的积累倾向知之甚少。FASA是终端全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的前体，这些物质在各种消费产品和使用电化学氟化（ECF AFFF）制造的水成膜泡沫中大量存在。在本研究中，在受ECF AFFF污染的源区下游8公里处的地表水采集的所有鱼类样本中，均检测到了碳链长度为C3 - C8的FASA。短链FASA（≤C6）很少被纳入PFAS的常规筛查，但新的标准使得此类分析更加可行。FASA的生物累积因子（BAF）比其终端全氟烷基磺酸盐大1至3个数量级。在所有鱼类中，FASA的BAF大于全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS），而PFOS目前是国家咨询项目的重点。在所有鱼类中均检测到了相似浓度的C6 FASA（<0.36 - 175纳克/克）和PFOS（0.65 - 222纳克/克）。目前尚未为FASA设定安全阈值。然而，受污染地点附近鱼类中的高浓度以及关于毒性的初步研究结果表明，鱼类咨询项目迫切需要对此加以考虑。
