Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500064, India.
Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 12;22(2):682. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020682.
Plants regularly face the changing climatic conditions that cause biotic and abiotic stress responses. The abiotic stresses are the primary constraints affecting crop yield and nutritional quality in many crop plants. The advances in genome sequencing and high-throughput approaches have enabled the researchers to use genome editing tools for the functional characterization of many genes useful for crop improvement. The present review focuses on the genome editing tools for improving many traits such as disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, yield, quality, and nutritional aspects of tomato. Many candidate genes conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses such as heat, cold, drought, and salinity stress have been successfully manipulated by gene modification and editing techniques such as RNA interference, insertional mutagenesis, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas9). In this regard, the genome editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9, which is a fast and efficient technology that can be exploited to explore the genetic resources for the improvement of tomato and other crop plants in terms of stress tolerance and nutritional quality. The review presents examples of gene editing responsible for conferring both biotic and abiotic stresses in tomato simultaneously. The literature on using this powerful technology to improve fruit quality, yield, and nutritional aspects in tomato is highlighted. Finally, the prospects and challenges of genome editing, public and political acceptance in tomato are discussed.
植物经常面临变化的气候条件，这些条件会导致生物和非生物胁迫反应。非生物胁迫是影响许多作物产量和营养品质的主要限制因素。基因组测序和高通量方法的进步使研究人员能够使用基因组编辑工具来对许多对作物改良有用的基因进行功能表征。本综述重点介绍了用于改善番茄许多特性的基因组编辑工具，如抗病性、非生物胁迫耐受性、产量、品质和营养方面。许多赋予植物对非生物胁迫（如热、冷、干旱和盐胁迫）耐受性的候选基因已通过基因修饰和编辑技术（如 RNA 干扰、插入突变和成簇规律间隔短回文重复（CRISPR/Cas9））成功操纵。在这方面，基因组编辑工具如 CRISPR/Cas9 是一种快速有效的技术，可以用于探索遗传资源，以提高番茄和其他作物植物对胁迫的耐受性和营养品质。本文介绍了同时赋予番茄生物和非生物胁迫耐受性的基因编辑的例子。强调了利用这项强大技术改善番茄果实品质、产量和营养方面的文献。最后，讨论了基因组编辑的前景和挑战，以及公众和政治对番茄的接受程度。
