INRA and University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
INRA, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, CS60094, F-84143, Montfavet, France.
Plant J. 2019 Jan;97(1):73-90. doi: 10.1111/tpj.14152. Epub 2018 Dec 24.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), which is used for both processing and fresh markets, is a major crop species that is the top ranked vegetable produced over the world. Tomato is also a model species for research in genetics, fruit development and disease resistance. Genetic resources available in public repositories comprise the 12 wild related species and thousands of landraces, modern cultivars and mutants. In addition, high quality genome sequences are available for cultivated tomato and for several wild relatives, hundreds of accessions have been sequenced, and databases gathering sequence data together with genetic and phenotypic data are accessible to the tomato community. Major breeding goals are productivity, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and fruit sensorial and nutritional quality. New traits, including resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses and root architecture, are increasingly being studied. Several major mutations and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying traits of interest in tomato have been uncovered to date and, thanks to new populations and advances in sequencing technologies, the pace of trait discovery has considerably accelerated. In recent years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing (GE) already proved its remarkable efficiency in tomato for engineering favorable alleles and for creating new genetic diversity by gene disruption, gene replacement, and precise base editing. Here, we provide insight into the major tomato traits and underlying causal genetic variations discovered so far and review the existing genetic resources and most recent strategies for trait discovery in tomato. Furthermore, we explore the opportunities offered by CRISPR/Cas9 and their exploitation for trait editing in tomato.
番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）既用于加工又用于新鲜市场，是一种主要的作物物种，是世界上产量最高的蔬菜。番茄也是遗传、果实发育和抗病性研究的模式物种。公共资源库中包含 12 种野生近缘种和数千份地方品种、现代品种和突变体。此外，栽培番茄和几个野生近缘种都有高质量的基因组序列，数百个品系已经测序，汇集了序列数据以及遗传和表型数据的数据库可供番茄社区使用。主要的育种目标是生产力、对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性，以及果实的感官和营养品质。新的性状，包括对各种生物和非生物胁迫以及根系结构的抗性，越来越受到关注。迄今为止，已经发现了番茄中许多与感兴趣性状相关的主要突变和数量性状位点（QTL），并且由于新的群体和测序技术的进步，性状发现的速度大大加快。近年来，成簇规律间隔短回文重复（CRISPR）/Cas9 基因编辑（GE）已被证明在番茄工程中具有显著的效率，可用于构建有利等位基因，并通过基因敲除、基因替换和精确的碱基编辑创造新的遗传多样性。在这里，我们深入了解迄今为止发现的番茄主要性状和潜在的因果遗传变异，并回顾了现有的遗传资源和番茄性状发现的最新策略。此外，我们还探讨了 CRISPR/Cas9 提供的机会及其在番茄性状编辑中的利用。
