Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2022 Aug;34(3):997-1012. doi: 10.1017/S0954579420001601. Epub 2021 Jan 15.
Temperamental behavioral inhibition (BI) is a robust endophenotype for anxiety characterized by increased sensitivity to novelty. Controlling parenting can reinforce children's wariness by rewarding signs of distress. Fine-grained, dynamic measures are needed to better understand both how children perceive their parent's behaviors and the mechanisms supporting evident relations between parenting and socioemotional functioning. The current study examined dyadic attractor patterns (average mean durations) with state space grids, using children's attention patterns (captured via mobile eye tracking) and parental behavior (positive reinforcement, teaching, directives, intrusion), as functions of child BI and parent anxiety. Forty 5- to 7-year-old children and their primary caregivers completed a set of challenging puzzles, during which the child wore a head-mounted eye tracker. Child BI was positively correlated with proportion of parent's time spent teaching. Child age was negatively related, and parent anxiety level was positively related, to parent-focused/controlling parenting attractor strength. There was a significant interaction between parent anxiety level and child age predicting parent-focused/controlling parenting attractor strength. This study is a first step to examining the co-occurrence of parenting behavior and child attention in the context of child BI and parental anxiety levels.
气质性行为抑制（BI）是焦虑的一个强大的内表型特征，其特点是对新奇事物更加敏感。控制型教养方式可以通过奖励孩子的痛苦迹象来加强孩子的警惕性。需要更精细、动态的措施来更好地理解孩子如何感知父母的行为，以及支持教养方式与社会情感功能之间明显关系的机制。本研究使用儿童的注意力模式（通过移动眼动追踪捕捉）和父母的行为（正面强化、教学、指令、干扰），使用状态空间网格来检查二元吸引子模式（平均持续时间），作为儿童 BI 和父母焦虑的函数。40 名 5 至 7 岁的儿童及其主要照顾者完成了一组具有挑战性的拼图，在此期间，孩子戴着头戴式眼动追踪器。儿童 BI 与父母花在教学上的时间比例呈正相关。儿童年龄与以父母为中心/控制型养育吸引力强度呈负相关，而父母焦虑水平与以父母为中心/控制型养育吸引力强度呈正相关。父母焦虑水平和儿童年龄之间存在显著的交互作用，预测了以父母为中心/控制型养育吸引力强度。这项研究是首次在儿童 BI 和父母焦虑水平的背景下，考察养育行为和儿童注意力的共同出现。
