MacDonald Noni E
Department of Paediatrics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS.
Can Commun Dis Rep. 2020 Nov 5;46(1112):432-435. doi: 10.14745/ccdr.v46i1112a11.
Misinformation and disinformation ("fake news") about vaccines are contagious-travelling faster and farther than truth. The consequences are serious; leading to negative impacts on health decisions, including vaccine acceptance, and on trust in immunization advice from public health and/or healthcare professional. This article provides a brief overview of evidence-based strategies to address vaccine deniers in public, in clinical practice and in social situations. As well, a strategy to help differentiate between vaccine deniers and simple vaccine refusers in a practice or clinic is provided. Five tactics are widely used by vaccine deniers: conspiracy; fake experts; selectivity; impossible expectations; and misrepresentation and false logic. Recognizing and understanding these tactics can help protect against misinformation and science denialism propaganda. Highlighting the strong medical science consensus on the safety and effectiveness of vaccines also helps. Carefully and wisely choosing what to say and speaking up-whether you are at a dinner party, out with friends or in your medical office or clinic-is crucial. Not speaking up implies you agree with the misinformation. Having healthcare providers recognize and address misinformation using evidence-based strategies is of growing importance as the arrival of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is expected to further ramp up the vaccine misinformation and disinformation rhetoric. Healthcare providers must prepare themselves and act now to combat the vaccine misinformation tsunami.
关于疫苗的错误信息和虚假信息（“假新闻”）具有传染性——传播速度比真相更快、范围更广。其后果很严重，会对健康决策产生负面影响，包括对疫苗的接受度，以及对公共卫生和/或医疗保健专业人员的免疫建议的信任。本文简要概述了在公共场合、临床实践和社交场合应对疫苗怀疑者的循证策略。此外，还提供了一种在医疗机构或诊所中区分疫苗怀疑者和单纯的疫苗拒绝者的策略。疫苗怀疑者广泛使用五种策略：阴谋论；假专家；选择性；不切实际的期望；以及歪曲和错误逻辑。识别和理解这些策略有助于防范错误信息和科学否定主义宣传。强调医学科学界对疫苗安全性和有效性的强烈共识也有帮助。无论你是在晚宴上、和朋友外出还是在医疗办公室或诊所，谨慎明智地选择要说的话并大声说出来至关重要。不发声意味着你认同错误信息。随着2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗的到来预计会进一步加剧疫苗错误信息和虚假信息的传播，让医疗保健提供者认识到并使用循证策略应对错误信息变得越来越重要。医疗保健提供者必须做好准备并立即采取行动，以应对疫苗错误信息的海啸。
