Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
Ginekol Pol. 2020;91(12):769-772. doi: 10.5603/GP.2020.0116.
One of the main reasons for the epidemic of obesity, which has already influenced the economic condition of health system worldwide, is our modern lifestyle having an unbalanced calorie intake and insufficient physical activity. Maternal-fetal nourishment and metabolism are the mechanisms of fetal programming of obesity-adiposity and non-communicable diseases that have been most extensively investigated. A mother's obesity is related to adverse outcomes for both mother and baby. Maternal overnutrition is also associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes, preterm birth, large-for-gestational-age babies, fetal defects, congenital anomalies, and perinatal death. Women with obesity should be encouraged to reduce their body mass index (BMI) prior to pregnancy, and to limit weight gain during pregnancy. Obstetric ultrasound imaging in pregnant women is negatively affected by abdominal adipose tissue, having an adverse influence on congenital anomaly detection rates and the estimation of fetal weight.
肥胖症的流行已经影响了全球卫生系统的经济状况，这其中一个主要原因是我们现代的生活方式导致热量摄入不均衡和体力活动不足。母胎营养和代谢是肥胖-脂肪和非传染性疾病胎儿编程的机制，这些机制已经得到了广泛的研究。母亲肥胖与母婴不良结局有关。母亲营养过剩也与妊娠期糖尿病、早产、大于胎龄儿、胎儿缺陷、先天畸形和围产儿死亡的风险增加有关。肥胖的女性应在怀孕前鼓励她们降低体重指数（BMI），并限制怀孕期间的体重增加。孕妇腹部脂肪组织会对产科超声成像产生负面影响，降低先天性异常的检出率和胎儿体重的估计。
