Biological Interactions, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Integr Zool. 2021 Sep;16(5):755-768. doi: 10.1111/1749-4877.12515. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
The role that the environment plays in vector-borne parasite infection is one of the central factors for understanding disease dynamics. We assessed how Neotropical bird foraging strata and habitat preferences determine infection by parasites of the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon, and Trypanosoma and filarioids, and tested for phylogenetic signal in these host-parasite associations. We performed extensive searches of the scientific literature and created a database of hemoparasite surveys. We collected data on host body mass, foraging strata, habitat preference, and migratory status, and tested if host ecological traits predict each hemoparasite occurrence and prevalence using a phylogenetic Bayesian framework. Species of Plasmodium tend to infect birds from tropical forests while birds from altitudinal environments are likely to be infected by species of Leucocytozoon. The probability of a bird being infected by filarioid or Trypanosoma is higher in lowland forests. Bird species that occur in anthropic environments and dry habitats of tropical latitudes are more susceptible to infection by species of Haemoproteus. Host foraging strata is also influential and bird species that forage in the mid-high and canopy strata are more prone to infection by species of Haemoproteus and filarioids. We also identified phylogenetic signal for host-parasite associations with the probability of infection of Neotropical birds by any hemoparasite being more similar among more closely related species. We provided a useful framework to identify environments that correlate with hemoparasite infection, which is also helpful for detecting areas with potential suitability for hemoparasite infection due to land conversion and climate change.
环境在媒介传播寄生虫感染中的作用是了解疾病动态的核心因素之一。我们评估了新热带鸟类觅食层和栖息地偏好如何决定感染疟原虫属、血孢子虫属、白细胞虫属和锥虫属以及丝虫类寄生虫，并测试了这些宿主-寄生虫关联中的系统发育信号。我们广泛搜索了科学文献并创建了一个血寄生虫调查数据库。我们收集了宿主体重、觅食层、栖息地偏好和迁徙状态的数据，并使用系统发育贝叶斯框架测试了宿主生态特征是否预测每种血寄生虫的发生和流行。疟原虫属的物种往往感染热带森林中的鸟类，而来自高海拔环境的鸟类则可能感染白细胞虫属的物种。在低地森林中，感染丝虫类或锥虫的鸟类的可能性更高。在人为环境和热带纬度干燥栖息地中出现的鸟类更容易感染血孢子虫属的物种。宿主觅食层也有影响，在中高层和树冠层觅食的鸟类更容易感染血孢子虫属和丝虫类寄生虫。我们还确定了宿主-寄生虫关联的系统发育信号，即新热带鸟类感染任何血寄生虫的概率在亲缘关系较近的物种之间更为相似。我们提供了一个有用的框架来识别与血寄生虫感染相关的环境，这也有助于检测由于土地转换和气候变化而具有潜在血寄生虫感染适宜性的区域。
