COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France.
Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Aug;278(8):2851-2859. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06548-w. Epub 2021 Jan 16.
To investigate prevalence and epidemiological and clinical factors associated with olfactory dysfunction (OD) and gustatory dysfunction (GD) in COVID-19 patients according to the disease severity.
Cross-sectional study.
A total of 2579 patients with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 were identified between March 22 and June 3, 2020 from 18 European hospitals. Epidemiological and clinical data were extracted. Otolaryngological symptoms, including OD and GD, were collected through patient-reported outcome questionnaire and Sniffin'Sticks tests were carried out in a subset of patients.
A total of 2579 patients were included, including 2166 mild (84.0%), 144 moderate (5.6%) and 269 severe-to-critical (10.4%) patients. Mild patients presented an otolaryngological picture of the disease with OD, GD, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and sore throat as the most prevalent symptoms. The prevalence of subjective OD and GD was 73.7 and 46.8%, and decreases with the severity of the disease. Females had higher prevalence of subjective OD and GD compared with males. Diabetes was associated with a higher risk to develop GD. Among the subset of patients who benefited from psychophysical olfactory evaluations, there were 75 anosmic, 43 hyposmic and 113 normosmic patients. The prevalence of anosmia significantly decreased with the severity of the disease. Anosmia or hyposmia were not associated with any nasal disorder, according to SNOT-22.
OD and GD are more prevalent in patients with mild COVID-19 compared with individuals with moderate, severe or critical diseases. Females might have a higher risk of developing OD and GD compared with males.
根据疾病严重程度，研究 COVID-19 患者嗅觉功能障碍（OD）和味觉功能障碍（GD）的流行情况和与流行病学及临床相关的因素。
横断面研究。
2020 年 3 月 22 日至 6 月 3 日，从欧洲 18 家医院共确定了 2579 例确诊为 COVID-19 的患者。提取了流行病学和临床数据。通过患者报告的结果问卷收集了耳鼻喉科症状，包括 OD 和 GD，并对部分患者进行了 Sniffin'Sticks 测试。
共纳入 2579 例患者，其中轻症 2166 例（84.0%），中症 144 例（5.6%），重症至危重症 269 例（10.4%）。轻症患者表现为疾病的耳鼻喉科表现，OD、GD、鼻塞、流涕和咽痛是最常见的症状。主观 OD 和 GD 的患病率分别为 73.7%和 46.8%，且随疾病严重程度降低。女性的主观 OD 和 GD 患病率高于男性。糖尿病与 GD 的发病风险较高相关。在接受心理物理学嗅觉评估的患者亚组中，有 75 例失嗅，43 例嗅觉减退和 113 例嗅觉正常。随着疾病严重程度的增加，失嗅的患病率显著降低。根据 SNOT-22，嗅觉丧失或嗅觉减退与任何鼻部疾病均无关。
与中度、重度或极重度疾病患者相比，轻度 COVID-19 患者的 OD 和 GD 更为常见。女性发生 OD 和 GD 的风险可能高于男性。
