From the, COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Marseille, France.
Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.
J Intern Med. 2021 Aug;290(2):451-461. doi: 10.1111/joim.13209. Epub 2021 Jan 5.
To investigate prevalence and recovery of olfactory dysfunction (OD) in COVID-19 patients according to the disease severity.
From 22 March to 3 June 2020, 2581 COVID-19 patients were identified from 18 European hospitals. Epidemiological and clinical data were extracted at baseline and within the 2-month post-infection.
The prevalence of OD was significantly higher in mild form (85.9%) compared with moderate-to-critical forms (4.5-6.9%; P = 0.001). Of the 1916 patients with OD, 1363 completed the evaluations (71.1%). A total of 328 patients (24.1%) did not subjectively recover olfaction 60 days after the onset of the dysfunction. The mean duration of self-reported OD was 21.6 ± 17.9 days. Objective olfactory evaluations identified hyposmia/anosmia in 54.7% and 36.6% of mild and moderate-to-critical forms, respectively (P = 0.001). At 60 days and 6 months, 15.3% and 4.7% of anosmic/hyposmic patients did not objectively recover olfaction, respectively. The higher baseline severity of objective olfactory evaluations was strongly predictive of persistent OD (P < 0.001).
OD is more prevalent in mild COVID-19 forms than in moderate-to-critical forms. OD disappeared in 95% of patients regarding objective olfactory evaluations at 6 months.
根据疾病严重程度，调查 COVID-19 患者嗅觉功能障碍（OD）的患病率和恢复情况。
2020 年 3 月 22 日至 6 月 3 日，从 18 家欧洲医院中确定了 2581 名 COVID-19 患者。在基线和感染后 2 个月内提取了流行病学和临床数据。
轻度疾病（85.9%）中 OD 的患病率明显高于中度至危重症疾病（4.5-6.9%；P=0.001）。在 1916 名有 OD 的患者中，有 1363 名完成了评估（71.1%）。共有 328 名患者（24.1%）在 OD 出现后 60 天主观上未恢复嗅觉。自我报告 OD 的平均持续时间为 21.6±17.9 天。客观嗅觉评估分别在轻度和中度至危重症疾病中发现了嗅觉减退/嗅觉丧失 54.7%和 36.6%（P=0.001）。在 60 天和 6 个月时，分别有 15.3%和 4.7%的无嗅觉/嗅觉减退患者未客观恢复嗅觉。客观嗅觉评估的基线严重程度越高，OD 持续存在的可能性越大（P<0.001）。
OD 在轻度 COVID-19 中比在中度至危重症中更为常见。根据客观嗅觉评估，6 个月时有 95%的患者 OD 消失。
