Popoola Omoniyi Michael, Behera Bijay Kumar, Kumar Vikash
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 120, India.
Fish Shellfish Immunol Rep. 2022 Dec 29;4:100080. doi: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100080. eCollection 2023 Dec.
The current study aimed at assessing the immunostimulatory properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on , and understanding how it affects the growth, cellular ultrastructure, the expression level of immune genes, and infection risk from . Fish (avg wt: 30.1±3.26 g) were fed diets with four separate AgNP inclusion levels (0 µgKg [basic diet, T1], 10 µgKg [T2], 15 µgKg [T3], and 20 µgKg [T4]) for 56 days. After the feeding trial, growth, histological, immunological parameters, and protective immune response against were assessed. The fish in the treatment groups including T1(control), the T3 growth indices, such as specific growth rate (7.56±0.26) and percent weight gain (231.05±3.21), was statistically higher (P < 0.05). In the immunological and oxidative parameters, levels of SOD and catalase decreased in correlation with a rise in the inclusion doses of AgNP in the liver, and a reduction in catalase values was recorded in the gill. With the addition of AgNP, the NBT value was decreased in the gill, and T3 had a considerably larger (P<0.05) value in the liver (0.493±0.02). The kidney of the fed AgNP (0 and20 µgKg AgNP) showed expansion through Bowman's gaps, severing of glomeruli with haemorrhage, as well as atrophic spots between its gaps. The liver showed fibrosis, karyolysis, and the removal of the hepatocytes wall. The gill, liver, kidney, and muscle of fish-fed diets supplemented with AgNP, showed that interleukin-8 (IL-8), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), were up-regulated. Expression was considerably higher in T3 compared with the control. However, the control group that wasn't given AgNP supplemented diet had increased levels of TGF-beta. Additionally, fish on the T3 diet showed much greater post-challenge survival rates (90%). These findings strongly suggest that dietary inclusion of AgNP (at 10 and 15 µgKg feed) enhances growth, health, and protective immune response against .
本研究旨在评估银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）的免疫刺激特性，以及了解其如何影响[具体病原体名称未给出]的生长、细胞超微结构、免疫基因表达水平和感染风险。将平均体重为30.1±3.26克的鱼投喂含有四种不同AgNP添加水平（0微克/千克[基础日粮，T1]、10微克/千克[T2]、15微克/千克[T3]和20微克/千克[T4]）的日粮，持续56天。投喂试验结束后，评估生长、组织学、免疫学参数以及针对[具体病原体名称未给出]的保护性免疫反应。在包括T1（对照组）的处理组中，T3组的生长指标，如特定生长率（7.56±0.26）和体重增加百分比（231.05±3.21），在统计学上更高（P<0.05）。在免疫学和氧化参数方面，肝脏中SOD和过氧化氢酶水平随着AgNP添加剂量的增加而降低，鳃中过氧化氢酶值也有所下降。添加AgNP后，鳃中的NBT值降低，肝脏中T3组的值显著更大（P<0.05）（0.493±0.02）。投喂AgNP（0和20微克/千克AgNP）的鱼的肾脏通过鲍曼间隙出现扩张，肾小球破裂并伴有出血，间隙之间出现萎缩斑点。肝脏表现出纤维化、核溶解以及肝细胞壁消失。投喂添加AgNP日粮的鱼的鳃、肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中，白细胞介素-8（IL-8）和环氧化酶-2（COX-2）上调。与对照组相比，T3组的表达显著更高。然而，未投喂添加AgNP日粮的对照组中转化生长因子-β水平升高。此外，T3日粮组的鱼在攻毒后的存活率更高（90%）。这些发现有力地表明，日粮中添加AgNP（10和15微克/千克饲料）可促进生长、健康以及针对[具体病原体名称未给出]的保护性免疫反应。
