Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2021 Jun;69:136-144. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.12.012. Epub 2021 Jan 13.
Industrial biotechnology is an attractive approach to address the need for low-cost fuels and products from sustainable resources. Unfortunately, cells impose inherent limitations on the effective synthesis and release of target products. One key constraint is that cellular survival objectives often work against the production objectives of biochemical engineers. Additionally, industrial strains release CO and struggle to utilize sustainable, potentially profitable feedstocks. Cell-free biotechnology, which uses biological machinery harvested from cells, can address these challenges with advantages including: (i) shorter development times, (ii) higher volumetric production rates, and (iii) tolerance to otherwise toxic molecules. In this review, we highlight recent advances in cell-free technologies toward the production of non-protein products beyond lab-scale demonstrations and describe guiding principles for designing cell-free systems. Specifically, we discuss carbon and energy sources, reaction homeostasis, and scale-up. Expanding the scope of cell-free biomanufacturing practice could enable innovative approaches for the industrial production of green chemicals.
工业生物技术是一种有吸引力的方法，可以满足对低成本燃料和可持续资源产品的需求。不幸的是，细胞对目标产物的有效合成和释放施加了固有的限制。一个关键的限制是，细胞的生存目标往往与生化工程师的生产目标背道而驰。此外，工业菌株会释放 CO 并难以利用可持续的、潜在盈利的原料。无细胞生物技术利用从细胞中提取的生物机制，可以解决这些挑战，具有以下优势：(i) 开发时间更短，(ii) 更高的体积生产速率，以及 (iii) 对其他有毒分子的耐受性。在这篇综述中，我们强调了无细胞技术在超越实验室规模演示的非蛋白质产品生产方面的最新进展，并描述了设计无细胞系统的指导原则。具体来说，我们讨论了碳和能源来源、反应动态平衡和规模扩大。扩大无细胞生物制造实践的范围可以为绿色化学品的工业生产带来创新方法。
