Identifying ranges of combined lime and heat treatments to achieve biosolids stabilization fecal coliform targets.

To ensure safe reuse, biosolids are stabilized to reduce pathogens, odor, and volatile solids. Stabilization by lime addition have high material costs, high transportation costs, and loss of ammonia. Decreasing required lime additions would improve the sustainability of biosolids reuse. This study examined combining lime and heat treatment to reduce lime additions needed for required fecal coliform destruction. In contrast to the current best management practice requiring a pH of 12, fecal coliform reduction for final concentrations <1000 MPN/g (where MPN is most probable number) was achieved with pH as low as 10 when combined with a short (1-h) incubation at 60 °C. Analysis of D-values (the time required to destroy 1-log fecal coliform) supported a synergistic treatment response at moderate pH and heat treatments. Samples receiving higher temperature treatments had lower specific oxygen uptake rates, suggesting that readily-available carbon was lost during heat treatment. Samples with lower lime additions had higher final ammonia concentrations, which is a desired characteristic for biosolids reclaimed as a fertilizer. The study demonstrated that optimizing combined lime and heat stabilization can improve beneficial reuse as a means toward enhancing environmental sustainability and improving the circular economy.