Wu Xutong, Wang Shuai, Fu Bojie
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
Ambio. 2021 Jul;50(7):1394-1403. doi: 10.1007/s13280-020-01475-w. Epub 2021 Jan 17.
Understanding the postprogram land use plans of participants is necessary for the sustainability of the conservation achievements from payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs. Previous studies have analyzed many individual factors affecting participants' reconversion plans after PES programs. However, whether the regional ecosystem services changes caused by PES programs affect reconversion willingness remains elusive. Here, we used the multilevel linear model to determine the effects of regional ecosystem services changes and individual characteristics on participants' land reconversion willingness after the Grain for Green Program (GFGP) in the Yanhe watershed of the Loess Plateau. We found that household income, ecological awareness, and employment changes negatively affected reconversion willingness, while nonfarm employment positively affected it at the individual level. At the regional level, the grain production and water yield changes could influence the reconversion willingness of respondents with different individual characteristics. With improved understanding of the factors affecting reconversion willingness, several suggestions to improve the sustainability of the GFGP were proposed. Our study provides a template for analyzing the multilevel factors that affect the sustainability of other PES programs.
了解参与者的项目后土地使用计划对于生态系统服务付费（PES）项目保护成果的可持续性至关重要。以往研究分析了许多影响PES项目参与者重新转换计划的个体因素。然而，PES项目导致的区域生态系统服务变化是否会影响重新转换意愿仍不明确。在此，我们使用多层次线性模型来确定黄土高原延河流域实施退耕还林项目（GFGP）后，区域生态系统服务变化和个体特征对参与者土地重新转换意愿的影响。我们发现，家庭收入、生态意识和就业变化对重新转换意愿有负面影响，而非农就业在个体层面上对其有正面影响。在区域层面，粮食产量和产水量变化会影响具有不同个体特征受访者的重新转换意愿。随着对影响重新转换意愿因素的深入理解，我们提出了一些提高退耕还林项目可持续性的建议。我们的研究为分析影响其他PES项目可持续性的多层次因素提供了一个模板。
