Ayyal Al-Gburi Nagham Mohammed
Zoonotic Diseases Unite, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Vet Med Int. 2020 Nov 19;2020:8874747. doi: 10.1155/2020/8874747. eCollection 2020.
A total of sixty raw milk samples were collected from (street vendors and shops) from Baghdad city, Iraq. The samples were inoculated into peptone water and, then, subcultured onto MacConkey agar and Blood agar. Identification of isolates was confirmed by microscopic examination, cultural characteristic, biochemical tests, Vitek (VITEK®2 system), and Biolog GN substrate reactions followed by 16S rRNA and specific genes sequencing. Of 60 raw cow's milk samples, spp. were identified only in 4 samples (6.67%) and was the most common, 2/4 (50%), followed by and , 1/4 (25%). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted against ten antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. All isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR), and the absolute resistant was 100% to tetracycline, erythromycin, and doxycycline and 50% against ampicillin\sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. They were highly susceptible (100%) to trimethoprim, imipenem, and chloramphenicol. These findings indicate that milk might be contaminated with spp. leading to transmission to humans causing poisoning, diarrhea, and other infections. This is the first study of isolated spp. from raw cow's milk.
总共从伊拉克巴格达市的（街头小贩和商店）收集了60份生牛奶样本。将样本接种到蛋白胨水中，然后转种到麦康凯琼脂和血琼脂上。通过显微镜检查、培养特性、生化试验、Vitek（VITEK®2系统）以及Biolog GN底物反应，随后进行16S rRNA和特定基因测序来确认分离株的鉴定。在60份生牛奶样本中，仅在4份样本（6.67%）中鉴定出了[具体菌种名称]，其中[最常见的菌种]最为常见，占2/4（50%），其次是[另外两种菌种名称]，各占1/4（25%）。通过纸片扩散法对十种抗生素进行了药敏试验。所有分离株均表现出多重耐药性（MDR），对四环素、红霉素和强力霉素的绝对耐药率为100%，对氨苄西林/舒巴坦和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率为50%。它们对甲氧苄啶、亚胺培南和氯霉素高度敏感（100%）。这些发现表明，牛奶可能被[具体菌种名称]污染，导致传播给人类，引起中毒、腹泻和其他感染。这是首次从生牛奶中分离出[具体菌种名称]的研究。
