Mahlangu Precious, Maina Naomi, Kagira John
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan-African University, Institute of Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
J Vet Med. 2018 Nov 11;2018:3801479. doi: 10.1155/2018/3801479. eCollection 2018.
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya. Further the bacterial pathogens and their antibiogram were investigated. Farm level data on risk factors were obtained from 41 farmers using questionnaires. Milk was obtained from 110 lactating dairy goats and tested for submastitis using California Mastitis Test (CMT). The prevalence of subclinical mastitis at goat level was estimated to be at 50.9% using CMT, out of which 86.5% yielded bacteria on culture. The significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis were cleaning schedule (p=0.022, OD=1.047) and parity of the goat (p=0048, OD=1.37). Higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed for goats residing in houses cleaned at least once a fortnight. Does in the first parity were least affected. 169 bacterial isolates were obtained from culture, of which 52 isolates from major classes of isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotic sensitivity to six antibiotics. Fourteen different bacteria were isolated and identified from the milk samples. Coagulase-negative (20.7%), spp. (19.5%), spp. (16%), spp. (11%), (10.7%), spp. (6.5%), (5.9%), spp. (3%), spp. (1.8%), spp. (1.8%), spp. (1.2%), spp. (0.6%), spp. (0.6%), and (0.6%) were isolated and identified from the samples. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G, while 98% of the isolates were sensitive to Streptomycin. In conclusion, the study showed that a large proportion of goats were affected by subclinical mastitis, with the main bacteria being spp. and coliforms, and that most of the tested antibiotics can be used in the treatment of mastitis. Farmers need to be trained on improved control of mastitis through adoption of good dairy husbandry and milking practices.
在肯尼亚锡卡东分区开展了一项横断面研究，以确定奶山羊亚临床型乳腺炎的患病率及风险因素。此外，还对细菌病原体及其抗菌谱进行了调查。通过问卷调查从41位养殖户处获取了农场层面的风险因素数据。从110只泌乳奶山羊采集了乳汁，使用加利福尼亚乳房炎检测法（CMT）检测亚临床型乳腺炎。使用CMT法估计奶山羊层面亚临床型乳腺炎的患病率为50.9%，其中86.5%的乳汁培养出细菌。与亚临床型乳腺炎发生相关的显著风险因素为清洁频率（p=0.022，比值比=1.047）和奶山羊胎次（p=0.048，比值比=1.37）。对于居住在至少每两周清洁一次的羊舍中的奶山羊，观察到较高的亚临床型乳腺炎患病率。头胎母羊受影响最小。从培养物中获得了169株细菌分离株，其中从主要分离细菌类别中选取52株分离株检测对六种抗生素的药敏性。从乳汁样本中分离并鉴定出14种不同细菌。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（20.7%）、链球菌属（19.5%）、大肠杆菌属（16%）、葡萄球菌属（11%）、克雷伯菌属（10.7%）、肠杆菌属（6.5%）、芽孢杆菌属（5.9%）、沙雷菌属（3%）、变形杆菌属（1.8%）、假单胞菌属（1.8%）、柠檬酸杆菌属（1.2%）、摩根菌属（0.6%）、普罗威登斯菌属（0.6%）和不动杆菌属（0.6%）从样本中分离并鉴定出来。所有分离株对青霉素G耐药，而98%的分离株对链霉素敏感。总之，该研究表明很大一部分奶山羊受亚临床型乳腺炎影响，主要细菌为链球菌属和大肠菌群，且大多数受试抗生素可用于治疗乳腺炎。需要通过采用良好的奶牛饲养管理和挤奶 practices对养殖户进行培训，以更好地控制乳腺炎。 （注：原文中“milking practices”后面似乎少了些内容）
