Gray Laura, d'Arripe-Longueville Fabienne, Deshayes Maxime, Colson Serge S
Campus STAPS - Sciences des Sports, Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France.
PAPSA, Université de Nîmes, APSY-V, Nîmes, France.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2022 Mar;22(3):407-416. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1877831. Epub 2021 Feb 10.
People living with HIV (PLHIV) are not physically active enough. As nonexercisers are perceived as less healthy, less active and less strong, it is likely that PLHIV would be subject to a nonexerciser stereotype threat. We looked to elucidate the effect of the emerging nonexerciser stereotype on handgrip strength performance among less active PLHIV. We also sought to observe the modulating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between stereotype activation and performance.Eighteen PLHIV were recruited to participate in two experimental sessions in which both a stereotypical context and self-efficacy were manipulated. Participants performed a handgrip task comprising a 15-s fatiguing maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) exercise preceded (Pre) and followed (Post) by 5-s MVCs. In each session, (i.e. high and low self-efficacy), four experimental conditions (i.e. Control 1; Control 2; Stereotypical; Self-Efficacy) were performed.A significant performance decrease of the 15-s fatiguing MVC exercise was systematically observed when the nonexerciser stereotype was induced (0.01 < < 0.001). In addition, this performance re-increased after a high self-efficacy manipulation ( < 0.001). Pre- and post- 5-s MVCs were also significantly depressed after the stereotypical condition (0.01 < < 0.001) and improved following high self-efficacy manipulation ( < 0.001).Our results revealed a detrimental stereotype threat effect on performance during a handgrip task when the nonexerciser stereotype was activated. A high self-efficacy feedback increased performances significantly whereas no significant difference was observed between the stereotypical and low self-efficacy conditions. These results indicate that self-efficacy can modulate the deteriorating effect of a negative exercise stereotype on task performance in less active PLHIV. Handgrip strength was decreased and performance fatigability increased when a negative exercise stereotype was induced.Performance fatigability and handgrip strength were restored after positive performance feedback was given.Positive task performance feedback could temper the detrimental effects of a negative stereotypical context among less active people living with HIV.
感染艾滋病毒的人（PLHIV）身体活动不足。由于不运动的人被认为不太健康、不太活跃且不够强壮，感染艾滋病毒的人很可能会受到不运动者刻板印象威胁。我们旨在阐明新兴的不运动者刻板印象对不太活跃的感染艾滋病毒的人的握力表现的影响。我们还试图观察自我效能感在刻板印象激活与表现之间关系中的调节作用。招募了18名感染艾滋病毒的人参加两个实验环节，在这两个环节中，刻板印象情境和自我效能感都受到了操控。参与者执行一项握力任务，包括一次15秒的疲劳性最大自主等长收缩（MVC）运动，在其之前（Pre）和之后（Post）各有一次5秒的MVC运动。在每个环节（即高自我效能感和低自我效能感）中，进行了四种实验条件（即对照1；对照2；刻板印象；自我效能感）的测试。当诱导出不运动者刻板印象时，系统地观察到15秒疲劳性MVC运动的表现显著下降（0.01 < < 0.001）。此外，在进行高自我效能感操控后，这种表现再次提高（ < 0.001）。在刻板印象条件后，5秒的Pre和Post MVC运动也显著下降（0.01 < < 0.001），而在高自我效能感操控后有所改善（ < 0.001）。我们的结果显示，当激活不运动者刻板印象时，在握力任务中对表现存在有害的刻板印象威胁效应。高自我效能感反馈显著提高了表现，而在刻板印象条件和低自我效能感条件之间未观察到显著差异。这些结果表明，自我效能感可以调节负面运动刻板印象对不太活跃的感染艾滋病毒的人的任务表现的恶化影响。当诱导出负面运动刻板印象时，握力下降，表现疲劳性增加。在给予积极的表现反馈后，表现疲劳性和握力得到恢复。积极的任务表现反馈可以缓和负面刻板印象情境对不太活跃的感染艾滋病毒的人的有害影响。
