Kinanthropometry International Chair, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Av. de los Jerónimos 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Av. de los Jerónimos 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 5;18(1):328. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010328.
There is a growing interest in knowing the relationship between biological maturation and sport performance-related variables of young athletes. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between biological maturation, physical fitness, and kinanthropometric variables of athletes during their growing period, according to their sex. The systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and the search protocol was registered in PROSPERO, code: CRD42020208397. A search through the PubMed, Web of Sciences, and EBSCO databases was performed. A total of 423 studies were screened and 13 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was completed by using the mean and standard deviation of each variable according to each maturation status (early, on time, or late). Differences depending on maturation were found on physical fitness, with better results in the advanced maturational groups in the male population (standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.17-2.31; < 0.001-0.05). Differences depending on maturation were found for kinanthropometric variables in males (SMD = 0.37-2.31; < 0.001-0.002) and height and body mass in females (SMD = 0.96-1.19; < 0.001). In conclusion, the early maturation group showed higher values in kinanthropometric variables and better results in physical fitness, highlighting the importance of the maturational process in the talent selection programs. Despite that, more research is needed to clarify the relationship of maturation with the other variables on female populations and the changes in the muscle and bone variables during the maturation processes of both sexes.
人们越来越关注了解年轻运动员的生物成熟度与运动表现相关变量之间的关系。本研究的目的是根据性别分析运动员生长期间生物成熟度、身体素质和人体测量学变量之间的关系。系统评价和荟萃分析遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 声明，并在 PROSPERO 中注册了搜索协议，代码：CRD42020208397。通过 PubMed、Web of Sciences 和 EBSCO 数据库进行了搜索。共筛选了 423 项研究，其中 13 项纳入荟萃分析。荟萃分析是根据每个成熟状态（早期、准时或晚期）的每个变量的平均值和标准差完成的。根据成熟度的不同，在身体素质方面发现了差异，男性中成熟度较高的组有更好的结果（标准均数差（SMD）= 0.17-2.31； < 0.001-0.05）。根据成熟度的不同，男性的人体测量学变量（SMD = 0.37-2.31； < 0.001-0.002）和女性的身高和体重（SMD = 0.96-1.19； < 0.001）发现了差异。总之，早期成熟组在人体测量学变量方面表现出更高的值，身体素质更好，突出了成熟过程在人才选拔计划中的重要性。尽管如此，仍需要更多的研究来阐明成熟度与女性群体其他变量之间的关系，以及两性成熟过程中肌肉和骨骼变量的变化。
