Wu Jian-Yong, Siu Ka-Chai, Geng Ping
Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Foods. 2021 Jan 5;10(1):95. doi: 10.3390/foods10010095.
(), generally known as hen-of-the-woods or maitake in Japanese and hui-shu-hua in Chinese, is an edible mushroom with both nutritional and medicinal properties. This review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of research findings on its bioactive constituents, potential health benefits and major structural characteristics. Since the discovery of the D-fraction more than three decades ago, many other polysaccharides, including β-glucans and heteroglycans, have been extracted from the fruiting body and fungal mycelium, which have shown significant antitumor and immunomodulatory activities. Another class of bioactive macromolecules in is composed of proteins and glycoproteins, which have shown antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant and other activities. A number of small organic molecules such as sterols and phenolic compounds have also been isolated from the fungus and have shown various bioactivities. It can be concluded that the mushroom provides a diverse array of bioactive molecules that are potentially valuable for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. More investigation is needed to establish the structure-bioactivity relationship of and to elucidate the mechanisms of action behind its various bioactive and pharmacological effects.
（），在日本通常被称为舞茸或灰树花，在中国被称为灰树花，是一种兼具营养和药用特性的可食用蘑菇。本综述提供了关于其生物活性成分、潜在健康益处和主要结构特征的最新全面研究结果总结。自从三十多年前发现D-组分以来，已经从子实体和真菌菌丝体中提取了许多其他多糖，包括β-葡聚糖和杂聚糖，它们显示出显著的抗肿瘤和免疫调节活性。（）中的另一类生物活性大分子由蛋白质和糖蛋白组成，它们显示出抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗氧化等活性。还从该真菌中分离出了一些小分子有机化合物，如甾醇和酚类化合物，并显示出各种生物活性。可以得出结论，灰树花蘑菇提供了一系列多样的生物活性分子，它们在营养保健品和制药应用中可能具有重要价值。需要更多的研究来建立灰树花的结构-生物活性关系，并阐明其各种生物活性和药理作用背后的作用机制。
