Kalinowska Sylwia, Trześniowska-Drukała Beata, Kłoda Karolina, Safranow Krzysztof, Misiak Błażej, Cyran Agnieszka, Samochowiec Jerzy
Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 26 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
Independent Laboratory of Family Physician Education, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Rybacka Street, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2021 Jan 5;10(1):165. doi: 10.3390/jcm10010165.
Due to poor eating habits, insufficient physical activity, and nicotine use, schizophrenia patients are at increased risk of lifestyle diseases. Factors contributing to unhealthy behaviors include lower socioeconomic status and level of education as well as social isolation. Schizophrenia manifestations such as amotivation, apathy, and cognitive deficits can further hinder development of proper health habits. The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between lifestyle-related choices and schizophrenia symptoms severity. This observational study enrolled 106 patients with schizophrenia (42 Males/64 Females), 18-69 years (mean: 41.89 ± 9.7 years). Mean duration of schizophrenia was 14.61 ± 9.7 years. Multiple significant correlations were found between patients' lifestyle and their biochemical laboratory parameters (lipid profile and fasting glucose). Most importantly, a significant link emerged between presented habits and schizophrenia symptom severity. There were also significant gender differences in the intake of sweets and sweet beverages. Quite unexpectedly, a behavioral shift towards more healthy lifestyle choices was observed after completion of questionnaires on lifestyle and health habits. There are clear benefits to systematic provision of educational interventions concerning physical activity and proper eating habits to schizophrenia patients. These simple preventive measures could significantly improve both mental and physical health outcomes in schizophrenia patient populations.
由于饮食习惯不良、体育活动不足以及使用尼古丁，精神分裂症患者患生活方式疾病的风险增加。导致不健康行为的因素包括社会经济地位和教育水平较低以及社会隔离。精神分裂症的表现，如缺乏动机、冷漠和认知缺陷，会进一步阻碍健康习惯的养成。本研究的目的是评估与生活方式相关的选择与精神分裂症症状严重程度之间可能存在的关联。这项观察性研究招募了106名精神分裂症患者（42名男性/64名女性），年龄在18 - 69岁之间（平均：41.89 ± 9.7岁）。精神分裂症的平均病程为14.61 ± 9.7年。在患者的生活方式与其生化实验室参数（血脂谱和空腹血糖）之间发现了多个显著相关性。最重要的是，所呈现的习惯与精神分裂症症状严重程度之间出现了显著联系。在甜食和甜饮料的摄入量方面也存在显著的性别差异。相当出乎意料的是，在完成关于生活方式和健康习惯的问卷调查后，观察到了向更健康生活方式选择的行为转变。向精神分裂症患者系统地提供有关体育活动和合理饮食习惯的教育干预有明显益处。这些简单的预防措施可以显著改善精神分裂症患者群体的身心健康状况。
