Grieco Giuseppina Emanuela, Brusco Noemi, Licata Giada, Fignani Daniela, Formichi Caterina, Nigi Laura, Sebastiani Guido, Dotta Francesco
Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 14;22(2):803. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020803.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of heterogeneous metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia mainly due to pancreatic β cell death and/or dysfunction, caused by several types of stress such as glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and inflammation. Different patho-physiological mechanisms driving β cell response to these stresses are tightly regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of negative regulators of gene expression, involved in pathogenic mechanisms occurring in diabetes and in its complications. In this review, we aim to shed light on the most important miRNAs regulating the maintenance and the robustness of β cell identity, as well as on those miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of the two main forms of diabetes mellitus, i.e., type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, we acknowledge that the understanding of miRNAs-regulated molecular mechanisms is fundamental in order to develop specific and effective strategies based on miRNAs as therapeutic targets, employing innovative molecules.
糖尿病是一组异质性代谢紊乱疾病，其特征为慢性高血糖，主要是由于胰腺β细胞死亡和/或功能障碍所致，这些是由多种类型的应激如糖毒性、脂毒性和炎症引起的。驱动β细胞对这些应激作出反应的不同病理生理机制受到微小RNA（miRNA）的严格调控，miRNA是一类基因表达的负调控因子，参与糖尿病及其并发症发生的致病机制。在本综述中，我们旨在阐明调节β细胞特性维持和稳健性的最重要的miRNA，以及参与1型和2型这两种主要糖尿病发病机制的miRNA。此外，我们认识到，理解miRNA调控的分子机制对于基于miRNA作为治疗靶点开发特定且有效的策略至关重要，需要使用创新分子。
