Stefani Laura, Sofi Francesco, Magro Simone, Mascherini Gabriele, Petri Cristian, Galanti Giorgio
Unit of Sports Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50141 Florence, Italy.
Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2018 Jun 29;3(3):38. doi: 10.3390/jfmk3030038.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death, and the most common diagnosis among the general population is breast and colon cancer. Recently, an increasing number of new cases of invasive breast and colon cancer have been estimated, and more people die from these diseases. In addition to the genetic pattern, diet and lifestyle including smoking, alcohol consumption, and sedentary behaviour have also been identified as potential risks factors. Recent studies of cancer survivors have shown the beneficial effects of regular physical activity to reduce the prevalence of comorbidity, muscle atrophy, weight changes, reduced aerobic capacity, fatigue, depression, and reduced quality of life. Dedicated and individual programs are crucial for achieving the goals of improving quality of life and reducing comorbidities. A multidisciplinary approach is fundamental: lifestyle assessment, including estimating the level of physical activity, as well as nutritional habits, may be the first step. A periodic cardiovascular examination is crucial for detecting asymptomatic early myocardial failure. According to current ACSM guidelines, different levels of exercise (low-moderate 40% and moderate up to 60% of the maximal HR) may be prescribed, and patients enrolled may follow the exercise program if in the absence of contraindications. The current paper reports observations from our clinical practice and provides practical strategies that bridge contemporary, published guidelines into practice within a multi-disciplinary team working with cancer survivors in Italy.
癌症是第二大致死原因，普通人群中最常见的诊断疾病是乳腺癌和结肠癌。最近，据估计侵袭性乳腺癌和结肠癌的新病例数量不断增加，且有更多人死于这些疾病。除了遗传模式外，饮食和生活方式，包括吸烟、饮酒和久坐行为，也被确定为潜在风险因素。最近对癌症幸存者的研究表明，定期进行体育活动对降低合并症患病率、肌肉萎缩、体重变化、有氧运动能力下降、疲劳、抑郁以及生活质量下降具有有益影响。专门的个性化方案对于实现改善生活质量和减少合并症的目标至关重要。多学科方法至关重要：生活方式评估，包括估计体育活动水平以及营养习惯，可能是第一步。定期进行心血管检查对于检测无症状早期心肌衰竭至关重要。根据美国运动医学学会（ACSM）当前的指南，可以开出不同水平的运动处方（低至中等强度为最大心率的40%，中等强度可达最大心率的60%），并且如果没有禁忌症，登记入组的患者可以遵循运动计划。本文报告了我们临床实践中的观察结果，并提供了实用策略，这些策略将当代已发表的指南融入到意大利一个与癌症幸存者合作的多学科团队的实践中。
