Patel Shyam A, Heinrich Andrew C, Reddy Bobby Y, Rameshwar Pranela
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
J Inflamm Res. 2009 Jan 1;2:13-19. doi: 10.2147/jir.s4520.
Inflammation encompasses diverse molecular pathways, and it is intertwined with a wide array of biological processes. Recently, there has been an upsurge of interest in the interactions between mediators of inflammation and other cells such as stem cells and cancer cells. Since tissue injuries are associated with the release of inflammatory mediators, it would be difficult to address this subject without considering the implications of their systemic effects. In this review, we discuss the effects of inflammatory reactions on stem cells and extrapolate on information pertaining to cancer biology. The discussion focuses on integrins and cytokines, and identifies the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkappaB) as central to the inflammatory response. Since stem cell therapy has been proposed for type II diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, pulmonary edema, these disorders are used as examples to discuss the roles of inflammatory mediators. We propose prospects for future research on targeting the NFkappaB signaling pathway. Finally, we explore the bridge between inflammation and stem cells, including neural stem cells and adult stem cells from the bone marrow. The implications of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine as pertaining to inflammation are vast based on their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Such features of stem cells offer great potential for therapy in graft-versus-host disease, conditions with a significant inflammatory component, and tissue regeneration.
炎症包含多种分子途径，并且与一系列广泛的生物学过程相互交织。最近，人们对炎症介质与其他细胞（如干细胞和癌细胞）之间的相互作用兴趣激增。由于组织损伤与炎症介质的释放相关，因此不考虑其全身效应的影响就很难探讨这个主题。在本综述中，我们讨论炎症反应对干细胞的影响，并推断与癌症生物学相关的信息。讨论集中在整合素和细胞因子上，并确定转录因子核因子-κB（NFκB）是炎症反应的核心。由于已经提出将干细胞疗法用于治疗II型糖尿病、代谢综合征、肺水肿，因此以这些疾病为例来讨论炎症介质的作用。我们提出了针对NFκB信号通路未来研究的前景。最后，我们探讨炎症与干细胞之间的联系，包括神经干细胞和来自骨髓的成体干细胞。基于间充质干细胞的抗炎和免疫抑制作用，其在再生医学中与炎症相关的意义十分重大。干细胞的这些特性为治疗移植物抗宿主病、具有显著炎症成分的病症以及组织再生提供了巨大的治疗潜力。
