Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan.
Quality Management Div. Higuchi Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan.
Molecules. 2021 Jan 16;26(2):453. doi: 10.3390/molecules26020453.
Several epidemiological studies and clinical trials have reported the beneficial effects of green tea, coffee, wine, and curry on human health, with its anti-obesity, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective properties. These effects, which have been supported using cell-based and animal studies, are mainly attributed to epigallocatechin gallate found in green tea, chlorogenic acid in coffee, resveratrol in wine, and curcumin in curry. Polyphenols are proposed to function via various mechanisms, the most important of which is related to reactive oxygen species (ROS). These polyphenols exert conflicting dual actions as anti- and pro-oxidants. Their anti-oxidative actions help scavenge ROS and downregulate nuclear factor-κB to produce favorable anti-inflammatory effects. Meanwhile, pro-oxidant actions appear to promote ROS generation leading to the activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, which modulates different enzymes and factors with health beneficial roles. Currently, it remains unclear how these polyphenols exert either pro- or anti-oxidant effects. Similarly, several human studies showed no beneficial effects of these foods, and, by extension polyphenols, on obesity. These inconsistencies may be attributed to different confounding study factors. Thus, this review provides a state-of-the-art update on these foods and their principal polyphenol components, with an assumption that it prevents obesity.
多项流行病学研究和临床试验报告称，绿茶、咖啡、酒和咖喱对人体健康有益，具有抗肥胖、抗癌、抗糖尿病和神经保护作用。这些作用已通过细胞和动物研究得到支持，主要归因于绿茶中的表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、咖啡中的绿原酸、酒中的白藜芦醇和咖喱中的姜黄素。多酚被认为通过多种机制发挥作用，其中最重要的与活性氧（ROS）有关。这些多酚作为抗氧化剂和氧化剂发挥着相互矛盾的双重作用。它们的抗氧化作用有助于清除 ROS 和下调核因子-κB，从而产生有利的抗炎作用。同时，促氧化剂作用似乎会促进 ROS 的产生，导致 5'-AMP 激活蛋白激酶的激活，从而调节具有健康益处的不同酶和因子。目前，尚不清楚这些多酚如何发挥抗氧化或氧化剂作用。同样，几项人类研究表明，这些食物及其主要多酚成分对肥胖没有有益影响。这些不一致可能归因于不同的混杂研究因素。因此，本综述提供了这些食物及其主要多酚成分的最新进展，假设它们可以预防肥胖。
