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羊驼()Y 染色体的 8.22Mb 组装与注释。

An 8.22 Mb Assembly and Annotation of the Alpaca () Y Chromosome.

机构信息

Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA.

Molecular Genomics Workplace, Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA.

出版信息

Genes (Basel). 2021 Jan 16;12(1):105. doi: 10.3390/genes12010105.

Abstract

The unique evolutionary dynamics and complex structure make the Y chromosome the most diverse and least understood region in the mammalian genome, despite its undisputable role in sex determination, development, and male fertility. Here we present the first contig-level annotated draft assembly for the alpaca () Y chromosome based on hybrid assembly of short- and long-read sequence data of flow-sorted Y. The latter was also used for cDNA selection providing Y-enriched testis transcriptome for annotation. The final assembly of 8.22 Mb comprised 4.5 Mb of male specific Y (MSY) and 3.7 Mb of the pseudoautosomal region. In MSY, we annotated 15 X-degenerate genes and two novel transcripts, but no transposed sequences. Two MSY genes, and are multicopy. The pseudoautosomal boundary is located between and Comparative analysis shows that the small and cytogenetically distinct alpaca Y shares most of MSY sequences with the larger dromedary and Bactrian camel Y chromosomes. Most of alpaca X-degenerate genes are also shared with other mammalian MSYs, though is Y-specific only in alpaca/camels and the horse. The partial alpaca Y assembly is a starting point for further expansion and will have applications in the study of camelid populations and male biology.

摘要

尽管 Y 染色体在性别决定、发育和男性生育力方面发挥着不可否认的作用,但它独特的进化动态和复杂的结构使其成为哺乳动物基因组中最多样化和最不为人知的区域。在这里,我们根据 Y 染色体流式分选的短读长和长读长序列数据的混合组装,展示了羊驼 Y 染色体的首个基于 contig 水平注释的草图组装。后者也用于 cDNA 选择,为注释提供了富含 Y 的睾丸转录组。最终组装得到 8.22 Mb,包括 4.5 Mb 的雄性特异性 Y(MSY)和 3.7 Mb 的假常染色体区。在 MSY 中,我们注释了 15 个 X 退化基因和两个新的转录本,但没有转座序列。两个 MSY 基因和 是多拷贝的。假常染色体边界位于 和 之间。比较分析表明,较小且细胞遗传学上不同的羊驼 Y 与较大的单峰驼和双峰驼 Y 染色体共享大多数 MSY 序列。大多数羊驼 X 退化基因也与其他哺乳动物的 MSY 共享,尽管在羊驼/骆驼和马中, 是 Y 染色体特有的。部分羊驼 Y 染色体组装是进一步扩展的起点,并将在骆驼种群和雄性生物学研究中具有应用价值。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/cce7/7830431/0848cb278101/genes-12-00105-g001.jpg

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