Luquire Katie, McCully Kevin K
Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 330 River Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2019 May 26;4(2):29. doi: 10.3390/jfmk4020029.
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to measure oxidative capacity, but regional differences have not been identified. Piano players are also a novel group of subjects for this lab.
Controls ( = 13) and piano players ( = 8) were tested in a seated position on the right forearm. A fatigue test was performed for three minutes at 2, 4 and 6 Hz using electrical stimulation, which created an endurance index (EI) as the forearm fatigued. A six-cuff oxidative capacity test was performed using manual exercise to activate the muscle and allow for regional specificity. A rate constant (Rc) was generated from the mitochondrial capacity data.
Overall, piano players (Rc = 1.76 ± 0.6) and controls (Rc = 1.17 ± 0.3) have significant differences for the last two fingers ( = 0.01). While controls have significant differences between the index (Rc = 1.86 ± 0.5) and last two fingers (Rc = 1.17 ± 0.3) ( = 0.001), this difference was not observed in piano players. Overall, piano players (EI = 75.7 ± 12.3) and controls (EI = 73.0 ± 17.3) had no differences in endurance index values ( = 0.71).
Piano players have significant differences in the mitochondrial capacity of the finger flexors that control the last two fingers compared to controls. The lack of difference between groups in the index fingers and overall endurance test suggests playing the piano produces training adaptations to the finger flexor muscles of the last two digits, which are rarely used by control subjects.
近红外光谱（NIRS）已被用于测量氧化能力，但尚未发现区域差异。钢琴演奏者也是该实验室的一类新型研究对象。
对照组（n = 13）和钢琴演奏者（n = 8）坐在椅子上接受右前臂测试。使用电刺激在2、4和6赫兹频率下进行三分钟的疲劳测试，随着前臂疲劳产生耐力指数（EI）。使用手动运动激活肌肉并实现区域特异性，进行六袖带氧化能力测试。从线粒体容量数据生成速率常数（Rc）。
总体而言，钢琴演奏者（Rc = 1.76 ± 0.6）和对照组（Rc = 1.17 ± 0.3）在最后两个手指上存在显著差异（p = 0.01）。虽然对照组食指（Rc = 1.86 ± 0.5）和最后两个手指（Rc = 1.17 ± 0.3）之间存在显著差异（p = 0.001），但在钢琴演奏者中未观察到这种差异。总体而言，钢琴演奏者（EI = 75.7 ± 12.3）和对照组（EI = 73.0 ± 17.3）的耐力指数值没有差异（p = 0.71）。
与对照组相比，钢琴演奏者控制最后两个手指的指屈肌线粒体容量存在显著差异。食指和总体耐力测试中两组之间没有差异，这表明弹钢琴会使最后两个手指的指屈肌产生训练适应性变化，而对照组很少使用这些肌肉。
