Kowalchuk Kelsi, Butcher Scotty
Health Sciences Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2019 Aug 22;4(3):61. doi: 10.3390/jfmk4030061.
Age-related reductions in muscle strength and muscle power can have significant adverse effects on functional performance in older adults. Exercise training has been shown to be a potent stimulus for improvements in strength and power. However, investigation into how to best optimize training-related adaptations, as well as the accessibility of training methods, is needed. Traditional (TR) methods using gravity-dependent free-weights or weight machines can improve and maintain strength and power but are limited in their ability to provide constant muscle tension and high levels of muscle activation throughout the lowering (eccentric) phase of lifting. Eccentric overload (EO) training may overcome these limitations and has been shown to result in potent adaptations in both young and older adults. Methods of producing EO are significantly limited from a practical perspective. The addition of whole-body flywheel training equipment provides a practical method of producing EO and may be appropriate for older adults wanting to optimize training outcomes. Our review provides limited evidence of the use of eccentric overload flywheel training as a novel training method in seniors. Through the review of literature, EO training overcame some of the limitations set forth by traditional resistance training and demonstrated to have key benefits when combating age-related changes affecting muscle strength and muscle power. It can be concluded that EO training is an important addition to the training arsenal for older adults. Flywheel training provides a practical method of achieving EO, increasing strength and power, combating age-related adaptations, and overall improving quality of life in older adults.
与年龄相关的肌肉力量和肌肉功率下降会对老年人的功能表现产生重大不利影响。运动训练已被证明是增强力量和功率的有效刺激因素。然而，需要研究如何最好地优化与训练相关的适应性，以及训练方法的可及性。使用依赖重力的自由重量器械或重量训练机的传统（TR）方法可以提高并维持力量和功率，但在举重的下放（离心）阶段，它们在提供恒定肌肉张力和高水平肌肉激活方面的能力有限。离心超负荷（EO）训练可能会克服这些限制，并且已被证明在年轻人和老年人中都会产生有效的适应性变化。从实际角度来看，产生离心超负荷的方法非常有限。增加全身飞轮训练设备提供了一种产生离心超负荷的实用方法，可能适合希望优化训练效果的老年人。我们的综述提供了有限的证据，证明离心超负荷飞轮训练作为一种新的训练方法在老年人中的应用。通过文献综述，离心超负荷训练克服了传统阻力训练所带来的一些限制，并在对抗影响肌肉力量和肌肉功率的与年龄相关的变化时显示出关键益处。可以得出结论，离心超负荷训练是老年人训练方法中的一项重要补充。飞轮训练提供了一种实现离心超负荷、增加力量和功率、对抗与年龄相关的适应性变化以及总体改善老年人生活质量的实用方法。
