Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Cells. 2021 Jan 15;10(1):164. doi: 10.3390/cells10010164.
Tissue-resident memory T (T) cells mediate potent local innate and adaptive immune responses and provide long-lasting protective immunity. T cells localize to many different tissues, including barrier tissues, and play a crucial role in protection against infectious and malignant disease. The formation and maintenance of T cells are influenced by numerous factors, including inflammation, antigen triggering, and tissue-specific cues. Emerging evidence suggests that these signals also contribute to heterogeneity within the T cell compartment. Here, we review the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of CD8 T cells at different tissue sites and the molecular determinants defining CD8 T cell subsets. We further discuss the possibilities of targeting the unique cell surface molecules, cytokine and chemokine receptors, transcription factors, and metabolic features of T cells for therapeutic purposes. Their crucial role in immune protection and their location at the frontlines of the immune defense make T cells attractive therapeutic targets. A better understanding of the possibilities to selectively modulate T cell populations may thus improve vaccination and immunotherapeutic strategies employing these potent immune cells.
组织驻留记忆 T（T）细胞介导有效的局部先天和适应性免疫反应，并提供持久的保护性免疫。T 细胞定位于许多不同的组织，包括屏障组织，并在预防感染和恶性疾病方面发挥着关键作用。T 细胞的形成和维持受到许多因素的影响，包括炎症、抗原触发和组织特异性信号。新出现的证据表明，这些信号也有助于 T 细胞区室的异质性。在这里，我们综述了不同组织部位 CD8 T 细胞的表型和功能异质性，以及定义 CD8 T 细胞亚群的分子决定因素。我们进一步讨论了针对 T 细胞独特的细胞表面分子、细胞因子和趋化因子受体、转录因子以及代谢特征进行靶向治疗的可能性。它们在免疫保护中的关键作用及其位于免疫防御前线的位置，使 T 细胞成为有吸引力的治疗靶点。因此，更好地了解选择性调节 T 细胞群体的可能性，可能会改善利用这些强大免疫细胞的疫苗接种和免疫治疗策略。
