College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 510642, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 15;22(2):834. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020834.
HFD (high-fat diet) induces obesity and metabolic disorders, which is associated with the alteration in gut microbiota profiles. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the processes are poorly understood. In this study, we used the simple model organism honey bee to explore how different amounts and types of dietary fats affect the host metabolism and the gut microbiota. Excess dietary fat, especially palm oil, elicited higher weight gain, lower survival rates, hyperglycemic, and fat accumulation in honey bees. However, microbiota-free honey bees reared on high-fat diets did not significantly change their phenotypes. Different fatty acid compositions in palm and soybean oil altered the lipid profiles of the honey bee body. Remarkably, dietary fats regulated lipid metabolism and immune-related gene expression at the transcriptional level. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that biological processes, including transcription factors, insulin secretion, and Toll and Imd signaling pathways, were significantly different in the gut of bees on different dietary fats. Moreover, a high-fat diet increased the relative abundance of , while the level of was significantly decreased in palm oil groups. This study establishes a novel honey bee model of studying the crosstalk between dietary fat, gut microbiota, and host metabolism.
高脂肪饮食（HFD）会导致肥胖和代谢紊乱，这与肠道微生物群谱的改变有关。然而，这些过程的潜在分子机制还了解甚少。在这项研究中，我们使用简单的模式生物蜜蜂来探索不同数量和类型的膳食脂肪如何影响宿主代谢和肠道微生物群。过量的膳食脂肪，特别是棕榈油，会引起蜜蜂体重增加、存活率降低、高血糖和脂肪堆积。然而，在高脂肪饮食下饲养的无菌蜜蜂并没有显著改变它们的表型。棕榈油和大豆油中不同的脂肪酸组成改变了蜜蜂体内的脂质谱。值得注意的是，膳食脂肪在转录水平上调节脂质代谢和与免疫相关的基因表达。基因集富集分析表明，不同膳食脂肪组蜜蜂肠道中的生物学过程，包括转录因子、胰岛素分泌以及 Toll 和 Imd 信号通路，存在显著差异。此外，高脂肪饮食增加了 的相对丰度，而棕榈油组中 的水平则显著降低。这项研究建立了一个新型的蜜蜂模型，用于研究膳食脂肪、肠道微生物群和宿主代谢之间的相互作用。
