Borgdorff M W, Walker G J
Murambinda Hospital, Buhera, Zimbabwe.
J Trop Med Hyg. 1988 Feb;91(1):35-42.
The manager of a district immunization programme needs to regularly assess vaccination coverage. This case study from Zimbabwe describes how routine information can be used for this purpose. The number of children and their location in the district was estimated from several sources using a variety of methods. This suggested that under-enumeration at the 1982 census was probably as high as a third and was a particular problem among children aged under 1 year. Routinely collected figures of the number of vaccinations were then used to calculate coverage levels for different health unit catchment areas within the district. These levels varied considerably and were lowest in areas with significant numbers of Apostolics, a group who often reject immunization on religious grounds. Comparisons between estimates of coverage obtained from routine information and a sample cluster survey raised several issues. These included accuracy of routine information, precision of sample surveys, estimating differential coverage in the district, management uses of estimates and the cost of data collection.
地区免疫规划管理人员需要定期评估疫苗接种覆盖率。这个来自津巴布韦的案例研究描述了如何将常规信息用于这一目的。通过多种方法从多个来源估算了该地区儿童的数量及其所在位置。这表明1982年人口普查时的人口漏查率可能高达三分之一，并且在1岁以下儿童中这一问题尤为突出。随后，利用常规收集的疫苗接种数量数据来计算该地区不同卫生单位服务区域的覆盖率。这些覆盖率差异很大，在有大量五旬节派信徒的地区最低，该群体常因宗教原因拒绝接种疫苗。从常规信息获得的覆盖率估计值与样本整群调查结果之间的比较引发了几个问题。这些问题包括常规信息的准确性、样本调查的精度、估算该地区的差异覆盖率、估算值的管理用途以及数据收集成本。
