Palmdorf Sarah, Stark Anna Lea, Nadolny Stephan, Eliaß Gerrit, Karlheim Christoph, Kreisel Stefan H, Gruschka Tristan, Trompetter Eva, Dockweiler Christoph
Institute for Educational and Health-care Research in the Health Sector, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany.
Centre for ePublic Health Research, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
JMIR Aging. 2021 Jan 20;4(1):e25307. doi: 10.2196/25307.
Assistive technologies for people with dementia and their relatives have the potential to ensure, improve, and facilitate home care and thereby enhance the health of the people caring or being cared for. The number and diversity of technologies and research have continuously increased over the past few decades. As a result, the research field has become complex.
The goal of this scoping review was to provide an overview of the research on technology-assisted home care for people with dementia and their relatives in order to guide further research and technology development.
A scoping review was conducted following a published framework and by searching 4 databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and CENTRAL) for studies published between 2013 and 2018. We included qualitative and quantitative studies in English or German focusing on technologies that support people with dementia or their informal carers in the home care setting. Studies that targeted exclusively people with mild cognitive impairment, delirium, or health professionals were excluded as well as studies that solely consisted of assessments without implication for the people with dementia or their relatives and prototype developments. We mapped the research field regarding study design, study aim, setting, sample size, technology type, and technology aim, and we report relative and absolute frequencies.
From an initial 5328 records, we included 175 studies. We identified a variety of technology types including computers, telephones, smartphones, televisions, gaming consoles, monitoring devices, ambient assisted living, and robots. Assistive technologies were most commonly used by people with dementia (77/175, 44.0%), followed by relatives (68/175, 38.9%), and both target groups (30/175, 17.1%). Their most frequent goals were to enable or improve care, provide therapy, or positively influence symptoms of people with dementia (eg, disorientation). The greatest proportions of studies were case studies and case series (72/175, 41.1%) and randomized controlled trials (44/175, 25.1%). The majority of studies reported small sample sizes of between 1 and 50 participants (122/175, 69.7%). Furthermore, most of the studies analyzed the effectiveness (85/233, 36.5%) of the technology, while others targeted feasibility or usability or were explorative.
This review demonstrated the variety of technologies that support people with dementia and their relatives in the home care setting. Whereas this diversity provides the opportunity for needs-oriented technical solutions that fit individual care arrangements, it complicates the choice of the right technology. Therefore, research on the users' informational needs is required. Moreover, there is a need for larger studies on the technologies' effectiveness that could contribute to a higher acceptance and thus to a transition of technologies from research into the daily lives of people with dementia and their relatives.
针对痴呆症患者及其亲属的辅助技术有潜力确保、改善并促进家庭护理，从而增进护理者或被护理者的健康。在过去几十年中，技术的数量和种类以及相关研究都在持续增加。因此，该研究领域变得复杂起来。
本综述的目的是概述针对痴呆症患者及其亲属的技术辅助家庭护理研究，以指导进一步的研究和技术开发。
按照已发表的框架进行范围综述，并通过检索4个数据库（MEDLINE、CINAHL、PsycInfo和CENTRAL）查找2013年至2018年发表的研究。我们纳入了以英文或德文撰写的定性和定量研究，这些研究聚焦于在家庭护理环境中支持痴呆症患者或其非正式护理者的技术。专门针对轻度认知障碍患者、谵妄患者或健康专业人员的研究被排除，仅包含评估而对痴呆症患者或其亲属无影响的研究以及原型开发也被排除。我们绘制了关于研究设计、研究目的、研究背景、样本量、技术类型和技术目标的研究领域图谱，并报告相对频率和绝对频率。
从最初的5328条记录中，我们纳入了17项研究。我们识别出了多种技术类型，包括计算机、电话、智能手机、电视、游戏机、监测设备、环境辅助生活技术和机器人。辅助技术在痴呆症患者中使用最为普遍（77/175，44.0%），其次是亲属（68/175，38.9%），两者都作为目标群体的情况占比为（30/175，17.1%）。其最常见的目标是实现或改善护理、提供治疗或对痴呆症患者的症状产生积极影响（如定向障碍）。研究占比最大的是案例研究和案例系列（72/175，41.1%）以及随机对照试验（44/175，25.1%）。大多数研究报告的样本量较小，参与者在1至50人之间（122/175，69.7%）。此外，大多数研究分析了技术的有效性（85/233，36.5%）：而其他研究则针对可行性或可用性，或者是探索性的。
本综述展示了在家庭护理环境中支持痴呆症患者及其亲属的多种技术。尽管这种多样性为符合个体护理安排的以需求为导向的技术解决方案提供了机会，但它也使选择合适技术变得复杂。因此，需要对用户的信息需求进行研究。此外，需要对技术的有效性进行更大规模的研究，这可能有助于提高接受度，从而推动技术从研究向痴呆症患者及其亲属的日常生活转变。
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