基于智能手表的痴呆症患者干预措施：以用户为中心的设计方法。

BACKGROUND: Assistive technologies can help people living with dementia maintain their everyday activities. Nevertheless, there is a gap between the potential and use of these materials. Involving future users may help close this gap, but the impact on people with dementia is unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine if user-centered development of smartwatch-based interventions together with people with dementia is feasible. In addition, we evaluated the extent to which user feedback is plausible and therefore helpful for technological improvements. METHODS: We examined the interactions between smartwatches and people with dementia or people with mild cognitive impairment. All participants were prompted to complete 2 tasks (drinking water and a specific cognitive task). Prompts were triggered using a smartphone as a remote control and were repeated up to 3 times if participants failed to complete a task. Overall, 50% (20/40) of the participants received regular prompts, and 50% (20/40) received intensive audiovisual prompts to perform everyday tasks. Participants' reactions were observed remotely via cameras. User feedback was captured via questionnaires, which included topics like usability, design, usefulness, and concerns. The internal consistency of the subscales was calculated. Plausibility was also checked using qualitative approaches. RESULTS: Participants noted their preferences for particular functions and improvements. Patients struggled with rating using the Likert scale; therefore, we assisted them with completing the questionnaire. Usability (mean 78 out of 100, SD 15.22) and usefulness (mean 9 out of 12) were rated high. The smartwatch design was appealing to most participants (31/40, 76%). Only a few participants (6/40, 15%) were concerned about using the watch. Better usability was associated with better cognition. The observed success and self-rated task comprehension were in agreement for most participants (32/40, 80%). In different qualitative analyses, participants' responses were, in most cases, plausible. Only 8% (3/40) of the participants were completely unaware of their irregular task performance. CONCLUSIONS: People with dementia can have positive experiences with smartwatches. Most people with dementia provided valuable information. Developing assistive technologies together with people with dementia can help to prioritize the future development of functional and nonfunctional features.

背景：辅助技术可以帮助患有痴呆症的人维持日常活动。然而，这些材料的潜力和使用之间存在差距。让未来的用户参与其中可能有助于缩小这一差距，但对痴呆症患者的影响尚不清楚。

目的：我们旨在确定与痴呆症患者一起进行基于智能手表的干预措施的用户为中心的开发是否可行。此外，我们评估了用户反馈的合理性，以及其对技术改进的帮助程度。

方法：我们检查了智能手表与痴呆症患者或轻度认知障碍患者之间的交互作用。所有参与者都被提示完成 2 项任务（喝水和特定认知任务）。使用智能手机作为遥控器触发提示，如果参与者未能完成任务，则重复提示最多 3 次。总体而言，50%（20/40）的参与者接受了常规提示，50%（20/40）的参与者接受了密集的视听提示来执行日常任务。参与者的反应通过摄像头远程观察。用户反馈通过问卷收集，其中包括可用性、设计、有用性和关注点等主题。计算了子量表的内部一致性。还使用定性方法检查了合理性。

结果：参与者表达了对特定功能和改进的偏好。患者在使用李克特量表进行评分时遇到困难；因此，我们协助他们完成了问卷。可用性（平均 78 分，标准差 15.22）和有用性（平均 9 分，满分 12 分）评分较高。智能手表的设计对大多数参与者都很有吸引力（31/40，76%）。只有少数参与者（6/40，15%）对使用手表表示担忧。更好的可用性与更好的认知能力相关。对于大多数参与者（32/40，80%），观察到的成功和自我评估的任务理解是一致的。在不同的定性分析中，大多数情况下，参与者的反应是合理的。只有 8%（3/40）的参与者完全没有意识到自己的任务表现不规律。

结论：痴呆症患者可以对智能手表有积极的体验。大多数痴呆症患者提供了有价值的信息。与痴呆症患者一起开发辅助技术可以帮助确定未来功能和非功能特性的开发重点。