Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2021 Dec;51(12):4291-4308. doi: 10.1007/s10803-020-04847-z. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
Over the past four decades there have been significant advances in our understanding of autism, yet services for autistic adults continue to lag far behind those for children, and prospects for employment and independent living remain poor. Adult outcomes also vary widely and while cognitive and language abilities are important prognostic indicators, the influence of social, emotional, familial and many other factors remains uncertain. For this special issue marking the 40th anniversary of DSM-III, the present paper describes the changing perspectives of autism in adulthood that have occurred over this period, explores individual and wider environmental factors related to outcome, and suggests ways in which services need to be changed to improve the future for adults living with autism.
在过去的四十年中，我们对自闭症的理解有了重大进展，但针对成年自闭症患者的服务仍然远远落后于针对儿童的服务，他们的就业和独立生活前景仍然不佳。成年患者的结果也差异很大，虽然认知和语言能力是重要的预后指标，但社会、情感、家庭和许多其他因素的影响仍然不确定。本期特刊是为了纪念 DSM-III 发布 40 周年而出版的，本文描述了在此期间成年自闭症患者观点的变化，探讨了与结果相关的个体和更广泛的环境因素，并提出了需要改变服务方式的方法，以改善自闭症患者的未来。
