Departments of Design & Environmental Analysis and of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Dev Sci. 2021 Sep;24(5):e13084. doi: 10.1111/desc.13084. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
Executive functioning in adulthood is associated with early-in-life disadvantage. Furthermore, distinct and independent underlying processes account for differences in specific domains of adult executive functioning. The duration of poverty from birth to age 9 is associated with reduced adult inhibitory control assessed by the Flanker task (n = 233, M = 23.52 years). This effect is largely explained by lower levels of maternal responsiveness in adolescence. Early poverty also related to worse working memory in adulthood, and this effect is partially explained by elevated allostatic load during adolescence, an index of chronic physiological stress.
成年期的执行功能与生命早期的不利条件有关。此外，不同且独立的潜在过程解释了成年执行功能特定领域的差异。从出生到 9 岁的贫困持续时间与在 Flanker 任务中评估的成人抑制控制能力下降有关（n=233，M=23.52 岁）。这种影响在很大程度上可以归因于青少年时期母亲反应能力较低。早期贫困也与成年后较差的工作记忆有关，而这种影响部分可以通过青少年时期慢性生理压力的指标即全身适应负荷的升高来解释。
