Sticherling M
Psoriasiszentrum, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Hautklinik Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91045, Erlangen, Deutschland.
Hautarzt. 2021 Feb;72(2):100-105. doi: 10.1007/s00105-020-04751-8. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
Vaccinations are among the most successful prophylactic measures in medicine. As they are applied to healthy subjects, regulatory steps before licensing of any vaccination are strictly based on clinically controlled studies as well as on registry data in the further course. The probability and relevance of adverse reactions to vaccinations have to be weighed against any harm through the respective natural infection as well as the vaccination-induced protection against infections. Intolerance reactions to vaccinations are far more suspected than proven and altogether rare. Among these, specific dermatoses like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and lichen planus are found as well as allergic reactions and a number of more nonspecific skin symptoms. Apart from provocation or exacerbation of an underlying dermatological disease, various intolerance reactions may be encountered which are classically allergologic or anaphylactoid. People with chronic dermatoses, especially those on immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapy, should have all recommended standard vaccinations. Vaccinations should not be administered during acute skin manifestations and relevant comedication-especially if immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive-has be taken into account in the decision to vaccinate and to define the time point of any vaccination. Inactivated vaccines may be administered even during ongoing immunosuppressive therapy, but may result in decreased immunological reactions and protection to infection. Live vaccines should be avoided.
疫苗接种是医学上最成功的预防措施之一。由于疫苗接种应用于健康人群,任何疫苗许可前的监管步骤都严格基于临床对照研究以及后续的登记数据。必须权衡疫苗不良反应的可能性和相关性与相应自然感染造成的任何危害,以及疫苗接种所诱导的抗感染保护作用。对疫苗接种的不耐受反应更多是被怀疑而非得到证实,而且总体上很罕见。其中,会出现如银屑病、特应性皮炎和扁平苔藓等特定皮肤病,以及过敏反应和一些更非特异性的皮肤症状。除了引发或加重潜在的皮肤病外,还可能遇到各种经典的过敏或类过敏的不耐受反应。患有慢性皮肤病的人,尤其是那些正在接受免疫抑制和免疫调节治疗的人,应该接种所有推荐的标准疫苗。在急性皮肤表现期间不应接种疫苗,并且在决定是否接种疫苗以及确定任何疫苗接种的时间点时,应考虑相关的合并用药——特别是如果是免疫调节或免疫抑制药物。即使在正在进行免疫抑制治疗期间也可以接种灭活疫苗,但可能会导致免疫反应降低和抗感染保护作用减弱。应避免接种活疫苗。