National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
State Environmental Protection Antibiotic Mycelial Dreg Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Center, Yili Chuanning Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yili, 835007, China.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Apr 1;283:111984. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111984. Epub 2021 Jan 19.
Thermal treatment and composting are effective methods of degrading antibiotics and organic matter in penicillin fermentation residues (PFR), respectively. However, the composting efficiency and environmental safety of thermally treated PFR (HT-PFR) remain unclear. In this study, HT-PFR was composted with cattle manure and maize straw at ratios of 0:1:1 (CK), 1.5:1:1 (T), and 5:1:1 (T). Changes in physicochemical properties, seed germination index (GI), and microbial antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were determined. Addition of HT-PFR significantly reduced the C:N ratio of each compost (P < 0.05) and prolonged the thermophilic stage. The GI of CK and T composts increased during processing, whereas that of T compost remained low. The PO concentrations of T and T composts were 6.3- and 11.1-fold higher than that of CK, respectively. HT-PFR contained relatively small amounts of mineral elements, and composting it with cattle manure and maize straw provided balanced nutrients for plant growth. After 52 days of composting, most ARGs of the microflora were reduced to low levels, but bla increased significantly in T compost. Overall, composting HT-PFR at up to 42% of a mix containing equal parts of cattle manure and wheat straw is an environmentally safe and effective way of transforming it into organic fertilizer.
热处理和堆肥分别是降解青霉素发酵残渣（PFR）中抗生素和有机物的有效方法。然而，热处理后的 PFR（HT-PFR）的堆肥效率和环境安全性仍不清楚。在本研究中，将 HT-PFR 与牛粪和玉米秸秆以 0:1:1（CK）、1.5:1:1（T）和 5:1:1（T）的比例进行堆肥。测定了理化性质、种子发芽指数（GI）和微生物抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的变化。添加 HT-PFR 显著降低了每个堆肥的 C:N 比（P<0.05）并延长了高温期。CK 和 T 堆肥的 GI 在处理过程中增加，而 T 堆肥的 GI 保持较低水平。T 和 T 堆肥的 PO 浓度分别比 CK 高 6.3 倍和 11.1 倍。HT-PFR 含有相对较少的矿物质元素，与牛粪和玉米秸秆一起堆肥为植物生长提供了均衡的养分。在堆肥 52 天后，大多数微生物群落的 ARGs 减少到低水平，但 T 堆肥中的 bla 显著增加。总体而言，将 HT-PFR 以不超过 42%的比例混入含有等量牛粪和小麦秸秆的混合物中进行堆肥，是一种将其转化为有机肥料的安全有效的方法。
