Noda Yoshihiro, Barr Mera S, Zomorrodi Reza, Cash Robin F H, Lioumis Pantelis, Chen Robert, Daskalakis Zafiris J, Blumberger Daniel M
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
J Pers Med. 2021 Jan 17;11(1):54. doi: 10.3390/jpm11010054.
The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with electroencephalography (EEG) allows for non-invasive investigation of cortical response and connectivity in human cortex. This study aimed to examine the amplitudes and latencies of each TMS-evoked potential (TEP) component induced by single-pulse TMS (spTMS) to the left motor (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) among healthy young participants (YNG), older participants (OLD), and patients with schizophrenia (SCZ).
We compared the spatiotemporal characteristics of TEPs induced by spTMS among the groups.
Compared to YNG, M1-spTMS induced lower amplitudes of N45 and P180 in OLD and a lower amplitude of P180 in SCZ, whereas the DLPFC-spTMS induced a lower N45 in OLD. Further, OLD demonstrated latency delays in P60 after M1-spTMS and in N45-P60 over the right central region after left DLPFC-spTMS, whereas SCZ demonstrated latency delays in N45-P60 over the midline and right central regions after DLPFC-spTMS.
These findings suggest that inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms mediating TEPs may be altered in OLD and SCZ. The amplitude and latency changes of TEPs with spTMS may reflect underlying neurophysiological changes in OLD and SCZ, respectively. The spTMS administered to M1 and the DLPFC can probe cortical functions by examining TEPs. Thus, TMS-EEG can be used to study changes in cortical connectivity and signal propagation from healthy to pathological brains.
经颅磁刺激（TMS）与脑电图（EEG）相结合可对人类皮质的皮质反应和连接性进行非侵入性研究。本研究旨在检测单脉冲TMS（spTMS）刺激健康年轻参与者（YNG）、老年参与者（OLD）和精神分裂症患者（SCZ）的左侧运动皮质（M1）和背外侧前额叶皮质（DLPFC）所诱发的各TMS诱发电位（TEP）成分的波幅和潜伏期。
我们比较了各组中spTMS诱发的TEP的时空特征。
与YNG相比，M1-spTMS在OLD组中诱发的N45和P180波幅较低，在SCZ组中诱发的P180波幅较低，而DLPFC-spTMS在OLD组中诱发的N45波幅较低。此外，OLD组在M1-spTMS后P60潜伏期延长，在左侧DLPFC-spTMS后右侧中央区N45 - P60潜伏期延长，而SCZ组在DLPFC-spTMS后中线和右侧中央区N45 - P60潜伏期延长。
这些发现表明，介导TEP的抑制性和兴奋性机制在OLD组和SCZ组中可能发生了改变。spTMS诱发的TEP的波幅和潜伏期变化可能分别反映了OLD组和SCZ组潜在的神经生理变化。对M1和DLPFC进行spTMS可通过检测TEP来探究皮质功能。因此，TMS - EEG可用于研究从健康大脑到病理大脑的皮质连接性和信号传播的变化。
