Wernike Kerstin, Aebischer Andrea, Sick Franziska, Szillat Kevin P, Beer Martin
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Vet Sci. 2021 Jan 18;8(1):12. doi: 10.3390/vetsci8010012.
The Simbu serogroup of orthobunyaviruses includes several pathogens of veterinary importance, among them Schmallenberg virus (SBV), Akabane virus (AKAV) and Shuni virus (SHUV). They infect predominantly ruminants and induce severe congenital malformation. In adult animals, the intra vitam diagnostics by direct virus detection is limited to only a few days due to a short-lived viremia. For surveillance purposes the testing for specific antibodies is a superior approach. However, the serological differentiation is hampered by a considerable extent of cross-reactivity, as viruses were assigned into this serogroup based on antigenic relatedness. Here, we established a glycoprotein Gc-based triplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and differentiation of antibodies against SBV, AKAV, and SHUV. A total of 477 negative samples of various ruminant species, 238 samples positive for SBV-antibodies, 36 positive for AKAV-antibodies and 53 SHUV antibody-positive samples were tested in comparison to neutralization tests. For the newly developed ELISA, overall diagnostic specificities of 84.56%, 94.68% and 89.39% and sensitivities of 89.08%, 69.44% and 84.91% were calculated for SBV, AKAV and SHUV, respectively, with only slight effects of serological cross-reactivity on the diagnostic specificity. Thus, this test system could be used for serological screening in suspected populations or as additional tool during outbreak investigations.
辛布群正布尼亚病毒包括几种具有兽医重要性的病原体，其中有施马伦贝格病毒（SBV）、赤羽病毒（AKAV）和舒尼病毒（SHUV）。它们主要感染反刍动物并引发严重的先天性畸形。在成年动物中，由于病毒血症持续时间短，通过直接病毒检测进行的生前诊断仅限于几天时间。出于监测目的，检测特异性抗体是一种更好的方法。然而，由于这些病毒是根据抗原相关性被归入该血清群的，血清学鉴别受到相当程度交叉反应的阻碍。在此，我们建立了一种基于糖蛋白Gc的三重酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA），用于检测和鉴别针对SBV、AKAV和SHUV的抗体。与中和试验相比，共检测了477份各种反刍动物物种的阴性样本、238份SBV抗体阳性样本、36份AKAV抗体阳性样本和53份SHUV抗体阳性样本。对于新开发的ELISA，计算得出针对SBV、AKAV和SHUV的总体诊断特异性分别为84.56%、94.68%和89.39%，敏感性分别为89.08%、69.44%和84.91%，血清学交叉反应对诊断特异性的影响很小。因此，该检测系统可用于疑似群体的血清学筛查或作为疫情调查期间的补充工具。
