Sukowati Caecilia H C, Cabral Loraine Kay D, Tiribelli Claudio, Pascut Devis
Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, AREA Science Park, Campus Basovizza, SS14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
Biomedicines. 2021 Jan 19;9(1):90. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9010090.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide, partially due to late diagnosis of the disease. Growing evidence in the field of biomarker discovery has shown the promising use of nucleic acid in the early detection of many cancers, including HCC. Here, we review data on how various long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) could be used as a diagnostic tool for HCC being differentially expressed in HCC compared to non-HCC patients. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) showed high stability in the blood being present as free-circulating molecules or encapsulated into exosomes. This review reports some recent evidence on the use of lncRNAs and circRNAs as possible diagnostic biomarkers for HCC. Further, their pathophysiological mechanism in liver carcinogenesis was also described, elucidating the complex regulatory networks making these ncRNAs of particular relevance for the study of liver malignancy cancer.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球癌症相关死亡的最常见原因之一，部分原因是该疾病的诊断较晚。生物标志物发现领域越来越多的证据表明，核酸在包括HCC在内的许多癌症的早期检测中具有广阔的应用前景。在此，我们综述了各种长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）和环状RNA（circRNA）如何作为HCC诊断工具的数据，这些RNA在HCC患者与非HCC患者中存在差异表达。这些非编码RNA（ncRNA）在血液中以游离循环分子形式或包裹在外泌体中时表现出高度稳定性。本综述报告了一些关于lncRNA和circRNA作为HCC可能诊断生物标志物的最新证据。此外，还描述了它们在肝癌发生中的病理生理机制，阐明了复杂的调控网络，使这些ncRNA与肝脏恶性肿瘤的研究特别相关。
