Han Byung In, Lee Ho Won, Ryu Sanghyo, Kim Ji Soo
Do Neurology Clinic, Daegu, Korea.
Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
J Clin Neurol. 2021 Jan;17(1):1-10. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.1.1.
This article provides an update on tinnitus for audiologists and other clinicians who provide tinnitus-specific services. Tinnitus can be attributable to hearing loss, somatosensory system dysfunction, or auditory cortex dysfunction, with hearing loss being the most common cause and serious underlying pathologies being rare. Hearing loss does not always lead to tinnitus, and patients with tinnitus do not always suffer from hearing loss. The first scenario is explained by a so-called inhibitory gating mechanism, whereas the second assumes that all tinnitus sufferers have some degree of hearing impairment, which might not be detected in standard audiological examinations. The treatments should aim at symptomatic relief and management of associated distress. Current treatment options include pharmacotherapy, education, counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy, and sound therapy.
本文为听力学家及其他提供耳鸣专项服务的临床医生提供耳鸣的最新信息。耳鸣可归因于听力损失、体感系统功能障碍或听觉皮层功能障碍，其中听力损失是最常见的原因，严重的潜在病理情况较为罕见。听力损失并不总是导致耳鸣，耳鸣患者也并非总是患有听力损失。第一种情况可用所谓的抑制性门控机制来解释，而第二种情况则假定所有耳鸣患者都有一定程度的听力损害，这在标准听力检查中可能无法检测到。治疗应旨在缓解症状和处理相关困扰。目前的治疗选择包括药物治疗、教育、咨询、认知行为疗法和声音疗法。
