中学和高中长跑运动员的专项化。

Sport Specialization in Middle School and High School Long-Distance Runners.

机构信息

College of Health and Human Services, Motion Analysis and Integrative Neurophysiology Lab, University of Toledo, OH.

Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH.

出版信息

J Athl Train. 2021 Sep 1;56(9):1003-1009. doi: 10.4085/462-20.

DOI:10.4085/462-20

PMID:33481024

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8448473/

Abstract

CONTEXT

Previous reports suggested that highly specialized adolescent athletes may be at a higher risk of injury, worse sleep quality, and less sport enjoyment than low-level specialized athletes. To date, the sport specialization literature has primarily addressed adolescent athletes in a variety of sports. However, whether the findings on sport specialization in predominantly nonrunning athletes are generalizable to adolescent long-distance runners is unknown.

OBJECTIVE

To compare injury history, running volume, quality of life, sleep habits, and running enjoyment among male and female middle school and high school long-distance runners at different sport specialization levels.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

SETTING

Online survey.

PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS

A total of 102 male (age = 15.8 ± 0.9 years) and 156 female (age = 15.6 ± 1.4 years) uninjured middle school and high school athletes who participated in long-distance running activities (completion rate = 50.7%).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Participants were stratified by sex and sport specialization level (low, moderate, or high). Group differences were assessed in self-reported running-related injuries, running habits, EQ-5D-Y quality of life, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index sleep quality, sleep duration, and running enjoyment.

RESULTS

Highly specialized male and female middle school and high school long-distance runners reported more months of competition per year (P < .001), higher weekly run distance (P < .001), more runs per week (P < .001), higher average distance per run (P < .001), and greater running enjoyment (P < .001) than low-level specialized runners. Adolescent boys reported a higher average weekly run distance (P = .01), higher average distance per run (P = .01), and better sleep quality (P = .01) than adolescent girls. No differences among sport specialization levels were found for running-related injuries (P = .25), quality of life (P = .07), sleep quality (P = .19), or sleep duration (P = .11) among male or female middle school and high school runners.

CONCLUSIONS

Highly specialized male and female middle school and high school long-distance runners reported higher running volumes and running enjoyment than low-level specialized runners. However, high-level specialized runners did not describe a greater number of running-related injuries, lower quality of life, or lower sleep quality or duration as expected.

摘要

背景

先前的报告表明，高度专业化的青少年运动员可能比低水平专业化的运动员更容易受伤、睡眠质量更差、运动乐趣更少。迄今为止，运动专业化文献主要针对各种运动的青少年运动员。然而，在主要非跑步运动员中关于运动专业化的发现是否可以推广到青少年长跑运动员身上尚不清楚。

目的

比较不同运动专业化水平的男、女中学生和高中生长跑运动员的受伤史、跑步量、生活质量、睡眠习惯和跑步乐趣。

设计

横断面研究。

地点

在线调查。

患者或其他参与者

共有 102 名男性（年龄=15.8±0.9 岁）和 156 名女性（年龄=15.6±1.4 岁）未受伤的中学生和高中生运动员参加了长跑活动（完成率=50.7%）。

主要观察指标

根据性别和运动专业化水平（低、中、高）对参与者进行分层。评估自我报告的与跑步相关的损伤、跑步习惯、EQ-5D-Y 生活质量、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数睡眠质量、睡眠时间和跑步乐趣方面的组间差异。

结果

高度专业化的男、女中学生和高中生长跑运动员报告每年参加比赛的月份数更多（P<0.001），每周跑步距离更高（P<0.001），每周跑步次数更多（P<0.001），平均每次跑步距离更高（P<0.001），跑步乐趣更高（P<0.001）比低水平专业化的跑步者。青少年男孩每周跑步距离（P=0.01）、平均每次跑步距离（P=0.01）和睡眠质量（P=0.01）均高于青少年女孩。在男、女中学生和高中生长跑运动员中，运动专业化水平之间没有差异，包括与跑步相关的损伤（P=0.25）、生活质量（P=0.07）、睡眠质量（P=0.19）或睡眠时间（P=0.11）。