J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2020 Dec 1;16(12):1687-1718. doi: 10.1166/jbn.2020.3001.
In recent years, the development and applications of protein drugs have attracted extensive attention from researchers. However, the shortcomings of protein drugs also limit their further development. Therefore, bioactive peptides isolated or simulated from protein polymers have broad application prospects in food, medicine, biotechnology, and other industries. Such peptides have a molecular weight distribution between 180 and 1000 Da. As a small molecule substance, bioactive peptide is usually degraded by various enzymes in the organism and have a short half-life. At the same time, such substances have poor stability and are difficult to produce and store. Therefore, these active peptides may be modified through phosphorylation, glycosylation, and acylation. Compared with other protein drugs, the modified active peptides are more easily absorbed by the body, have longer half-life, stronger targeting, and fewer side effects in addition to higher bioavailability. In the light of their functions, bioactive peptide can be divided into antimicrobial, anti-tumour, anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-fatigue, and anti-hypertensive peptides. This article mainly focuses on the introduction of several promising biologically active peptides functioning as antimicrobial, anti-tumour, antiangiogenic, and antioxidant peptides from the three aspects modification, structural characteristics and mechanism of action.
近年来，蛋白质药物的开发和应用引起了研究人员的广泛关注。然而，蛋白质药物的缺点也限制了它们的进一步发展。因此，从蛋白质聚合物中分离或模拟的生物活性肽在食品、医药、生物技术等行业具有广阔的应用前景。这些肽的分子量分布在 180 到 1000Da 之间。作为一种小分子物质，生物活性肽通常会被生物体中的各种酶降解，半衰期较短。同时，这类物质稳定性差，生产和储存困难。因此，这些活性肽可以通过磷酸化、糖基化和酰化进行修饰。与其他蛋白质药物相比，修饰后的活性肽具有更好的生物利用度，更容易被人体吸收，半衰期更长，靶向性更强，副作用更少。根据其功能，生物活性肽可分为抗菌肽、抗肿瘤肽、抗血管生成肽、抗氧化肽、抗疲劳肽和抗高血压肽。本文主要从修饰、结构特征和作用机制三个方面介绍几种有前途的具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗血管生成和抗氧化作用的生物活性肽。
