Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
Bioelectrochemistry. 2021 Apr;138:107697. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107697. Epub 2020 Nov 17.
Carbon nanomaterials (CNs) offer some of the most valuable properties for electrochemical biosensing applications, such as good electrical conductivity, wide electrochemical stability, high specific surface area, and biocompatibility. Regardless the envisioned sensing application, endowing CNs with specific functions through controlled chemical functionalization is fundamental for promoting the specific binding of the analyte. As a versatile and straightforward method of surface functionalization, aryldiazonium chemistry have been successfully used to accommodate in a stable and reproducible way different functionalities, while the electrochemical route has become the favourite choice since the deposition conditions can be readily controlled and adapted to the substrate. In particular, the modification of CNs by electrochemical reduction of aryl diazonium salts is established as a powerful tool which allows tailoring the chemical and electronic properties of the sensing platform. By outlining the stimulating results disclosed in the last years, this article provides not only a comprehensively review, but also a rational assessment on contribution of aryldiazonium electrografting in developing CNs-based electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, some of the emerging challenges to be surpassed to effectively implement this methodology for in vivo and point of care analysis are also highlighted.
碳纳米材料（CNs）为电化学生物传感应用提供了一些最有价值的特性，例如良好的导电性、宽电化学稳定性、高比表面积和生物相容性。无论预期的传感应用如何，通过受控的化学功能化赋予 CNs 特定的功能对于促进分析物的特异性结合都是至关重要的。芳基重氮化学作为一种通用且直接的表面功能化方法，已成功用于以稳定和可重复的方式容纳不同的功能，而电化学方法已成为首选，因为沉积条件可以很容易地控制并适应基底。特别是，通过电化学还原芳基重氮盐对 CNs 的修饰已被确立为一种强大的工具，可调整传感平台的化学和电子特性。本文通过概述近年来披露的令人振奋的结果，不仅提供了全面的综述，还对芳基重氮电化学接枝在开发基于 CNs 的电化学生物传感器方面的贡献进行了合理评估。此外，还强调了为了有效地将这种方法用于体内和即时分析而需要克服的一些新兴挑战。
