Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2021 Jul;11(7):1102-1112. doi: 10.1002/alr.22758. Epub 2021 Jan 24.
Posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction is a clinical challenge due to refractory characteristics and limited therapeutic options. Olfactory training has been proved to be effective for olfactory dysfunction with varied etiologies. We pooled existing studies to evaluate the effects of olfactory training in patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction.
A systematic literature review using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted to identify studies assessing olfactory change in patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction after olfactory training.
Of the initial 812 abstracts reviewed, 13 full-text articles were included. Clinically significant results after olfactory training were defined as an improvement of threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) score ≥6 or University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) score ≥4. Six studies were included in the meta-analysis, 36.31% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.45) of posttraumatic patients would achieve clinically significant results after olfactory training with a mean increase of TDI score of 4.61.
Olfactory training might be a promising modality for the treatment of posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction. More high-quality studies with controls are needed to clarify the effect of olfactory training on total olfactory performance and subcomponents of olfaction.
创伤后嗅觉功能障碍具有难治性特点和有限的治疗选择，是临床面临的挑战。嗅觉训练已被证明对多种病因引起的嗅觉障碍有效。我们对现有研究进行了汇总，以评估嗅觉训练对创伤后嗅觉功能障碍患者的疗效。
我们采用系统文献回顾，检索了 PubMed、Embase、Cochrane 图书馆和 Web of Science 中的研究，以评估嗅觉训练对创伤后嗅觉功能障碍患者嗅觉变化的影响。
在最初 812 篇摘要中，有 13 篇全文文章被纳入。嗅觉训练后的临床显著疗效定义为阈值、辨别和识别（TDI）评分≥6 或宾夕法尼亚大学嗅觉识别测试（UPSIT）评分≥4。Meta 分析纳入了 6 项研究，嗅觉训练后，有 36.31%（95%置信区间 [CI]，0.28 至 0.45）的创伤后患者会获得临床显著疗效，TDI 评分平均增加 4.61。
嗅觉训练可能是治疗创伤后嗅觉功能障碍的一种有前途的方法。需要更多高质量的对照研究来阐明嗅觉训练对总体嗅觉功能和嗅觉子成分的影响。
