Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Iran J Med Sci. 2021 Jan;46(1):23-31. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2019.82341.1045.
Little is known about which personality traits determine the effectiveness of various types of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on animal phobia. The objective of the present study was to investigate a possible association between personality traits and the outcome of single- and multi-session CBT.
The present randomized clinical trial was conducted from November 2018 to May 2019 in Shiraz, Iran. Forty female students with rat phobia, who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) criteria, were systematically allocated into a single- and a multi-session therapy group (odd numbers one-session treatment, even numbers multi-session treatment). In both groups, the students were gradually exposed to rats as part of the treatment. Psychological measures (state-anxiety, rat phobia, and disgust questionnaires) were used to compare pre- and post-intervention outcomes. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to assess which personality traits influenced the intervention outcome. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 20.0) and P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Rat phobia was positively and significantly affected by conscientiousness (P=0.001) and agreeableness (P=0.003). Of these personality traits, only a higher degree of conscientiousness resulted in a further reduction of state anxiety after the intervention (P=0.005). There were no significant differences between the pre- and post-intervention outcomes.
The outcome of single- and multi-session rat phobia therapies was associated with specific personality traits of the participants, namely conscientiousness and agreeableness. Both intervention methods had an equal effect on reducing rat phobia.
对于哪些人格特质决定各种类型的认知行为疗法（CBT）对动物恐惧症的有效性知之甚少。本研究的目的是调查人格特质与单次和多次 CBT 治疗结果之间的可能关联。
本随机临床试验于 2018 年 11 月至 2019 年 5 月在伊朗设拉子进行。40 名符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》（DSM-V）标准的女性大鼠恐惧症学生被系统分配到单次和多次治疗组（奇数号为单次治疗，偶数号为多次治疗）。在这两个组中，学生们都逐渐接触老鼠作为治疗的一部分。使用心理测量（状态焦虑、大鼠恐惧症和厌恶问卷）来比较干预前后的结果。使用协方差的多变量分析来评估哪些人格特质影响干预结果。统计分析使用 SPSS（版本 20.0）进行，P 值 < 0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
大鼠恐惧症与尽责性（P=0.001）和宜人性（P=0.003）呈正相关且显著相关。在这些人格特质中，只有更高程度的尽责性会导致干预后状态焦虑进一步降低（P=0.005）。干预前后的结果没有显著差异。
单次和多次大鼠恐惧症治疗的结果与参与者的特定人格特质有关，即尽责性和宜人性。两种干预方法对减轻大鼠恐惧症的效果相同。
