Gebremariam Brhane, Birke Wondwosen, Zeine Wuhib, Ambelu Argaw, Yewhalaw Delenasaw
Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, Axum, Tigrai, Ethiopia.
Department of Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Environ Health Insights. 2021 Jan 11;15:1178630220974730. doi: 10.1177/1178630220974730. eCollection 2021.
Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) efficacy could be compromised due to a lot of influences together with user compliance and vector population insecticide resistance status. Thus, this study was to assess the biological efficacy of DuraNet® with the help of the World Health Organization cone bioassay and field experimental hut.
A laboratory and a semi-field conditions experimental huts against Mosquitoes were conducted in southwestern Ethiopia from September 2015 to January 2016. The bio efficacy of DuraNet® was evaluated using the WHO cone bioassay test and then its field efficacy was evaluated using experimental huts against the malaria vector population.
World Health Organization cone bioassay tests against pyrethroid-resistant led to mean percent mortality and knockdown of 78% and 93%, respectively. Washing of DuraNet® successively reduced its efficacy from 93% knockdown (0 wash) to 45% knockdown (20 washes). Similarly, mean mortality decreased from 84% (0 wash) to 47% (20 washes). A total of 1575 female mosquitoes were collected over 40 nights out of which 1373(87.8%) were , 116 (7.4%) were and 107 (6.8%) were . The mean blood-feeding rate was significantly lower ( < .001) in hut containing unwashed DuraNet® when compared to hut containing untreated DuraNet®. The mean mortality rate was significantly higher ( < .001) in hut containing DuraNet® when compared to hut containing untreated DuraNet®. Unwashed DuraNet® showed the highest personal protection 88.7% and 100% against and , respectively.
Both DuraNet® and PermaNet 2.0 moderate efficacy against a pyrethroid-resistant population of from Ethiopia. The bio efficacy of DuraNet® was found below the WHO recommendation. Therefore, the real impact of the observed insecticide resistance against DuraNet® to be further studied under phase-III trials, the need for new alternative vector control tools remains critical.
长效驱虫蚊帐（LLINs）的功效可能会受到多种因素的影响，包括用户依从性和病媒种群的杀虫剂抗性状况。因此，本研究旨在借助世界卫生组织锥形生物测定法和野外实验小屋评估DuraNet®的生物功效。
2015年9月至2016年1月在埃塞俄比亚西南部进行了针对蚊子的实验室和半野外条件实验小屋研究。使用世界卫生组织锥形生物测定试验评估DuraNet®的生物功效，然后使用实验小屋针对疟疾病媒种群评估其野外功效。
针对拟除虫菊酯抗性的世界卫生组织锥形生物测定试验导致平均死亡率和击倒率分别为78%和93%。DuraNet®的洗涤依次将其功效从击倒率93%（0次洗涤）降低到45%（20次洗涤）。同样，平均死亡率从84%（0次洗涤）降至47%（20次洗涤）。在40个晚上共收集了1575只雌性蚊子，其中1373只（87.8%）为[具体种类1]，116只（7.4%）为[具体种类2]，107只（6.8%）为[具体种类3]。与未处理蚊帐的小屋相比，含有未洗涤DuraNet®的小屋中平均吸血率显著更低（P <.001）。与未处理蚊帐的小屋相比，含有DuraNet®的小屋中平均死亡率显著更高（P <.001）。未洗涤的DuraNet®对[具体种类1]和[具体种类2]分别显示出最高的个人防护率88.7%和100%。
DuraNet®和PermaNet 2.0对来自埃塞俄比亚的拟除虫菊酯抗性[病媒种类]种群均具有中等功效。发现DuraNet®的生物功效低于世界卫生组织的建议。因此，在III期试验中需要进一步研究观察到的对DuraNet®的杀虫剂抗性的实际影响，新型替代病媒控制工具的需求仍然至关重要。
