Collegium of World Economy, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland; Al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland.
Faculty of Physical Education, Josef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; 34 Marymoncka, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland.
Biomed Res Int. 2020 Dec 10;2020:7469021. doi: 10.1155/2020/7469021. eCollection 2020.
The aim of the study was to evaluate general physical activity (PA) level on the basis of leisure time and transportation physical activity (LTPA and TPA), assess the percentage of persons not meeting PA recommendations by the World Health Organisation (WHO), and evaluate the relationship between selected sociodemographic factors and physical inactivity.
The paper is based on data ( = 7,347) retrieved from five large-scale surveys (2014-2018) used to collect information on the PA of Polish society. In order to meet the aim of the paper, we selected a sample of 2,023 Poles aged ≥ 60 years old. In each wave, the Polish long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to investigate the differences between the types and volume of PA and sociodemographic variables. Relationships between physical inactivity and analysed variables were evaluated using log-linear analysis. To capture relationships between physical inactivity and a set of explanatory variables, a predictive model was built.
The total average energy expenditure amounted to 1879.5 ± 2352.5 MET-min/week, including LTPA (938.5 ± 1491.9 MET-min/week) and TPA (944.8 ± 1322.4 MET-min/week). Over the course of the last two years of the study, the average value of MET-min/week increased significantly ( < 0.05); however, prohealth WHO norms are not met by nearly 40% of Poles. Sex determines the volume of LTPA and TPA ( < 0.05) but does not determine the inactivity of seniors. Place of residence and education differentiate participation in LTPA and TPA. The lower the education level and the smaller the place of residence, the greater the inactivity.
The target for future interventions should be people aged 60+ living in villages and small towns (especially those with primary education). It is necessary to undertake educational and motivational programmes promoting PA. It is essential to develop detailed recommendations and to create a friendly and supportive environment.
本研究旨在根据休闲时间和交通体力活动（LTPA 和 TPA）评估总体体力活动（PA）水平，评估不符合世界卫生组织（WHO）PA 建议的人数百分比，并评估选定的社会人口因素与身体活动不足之间的关系。
本研究基于从五次大型调查（2014-2018 年）中提取的数据（n=7347），用于收集波兰社会 PA 信息。为了实现本文的目的，我们选择了 2023 名年龄≥60 岁的波兰人作为样本。在每一波中，都使用了波兰版的国际体力活动问卷长卷。采用曼-惠特尼和克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验来研究 PA 类型和量与社会人口变量之间的差异。采用对数线性分析评估身体活动不足与分析变量之间的关系。为了捕捉身体活动不足与一组解释变量之间的关系，构建了一个预测模型。
总平均能量消耗为 1879.5±2352.5MET-min/周，包括 LTPA（938.5±1491.9MET-min/周）和 TPA（944.8±1322.4MET-min/周）。在研究的最后两年中，MET-min/周的平均数值显著增加（<0.05）；然而，近 40%的波兰人不符合世卫组织促进健康的 PA 标准。性别决定了 LTPA 和 TPA 的量（<0.05），但不能决定老年人的身体活动不足。居住地和教育程度决定了 LTPA 和 TPA 的参与情况。教育程度越低，居住地越小，身体活动不足的情况越严重。
未来干预的目标应该是生活在村庄和城镇的 60 岁以上人群（特别是那些只有小学教育的人）。有必要开展促进 PA 的教育和激励计划。制定详细的建议并创造一个友好和支持性的环境是至关重要的。
