Mathiassen Solvejg K, Boutin Céline, Strandberg Beate, Carpenter David, Damgaard Christian
Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Slagelse, Denmark.
Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2021 May;40(5):1389-1404. doi: 10.1002/etc.4992. Epub 2021 Apr 9.
Herbicide drift may cause adverse effects on natural and seminatural plant communities, and it has been debated whether the current ecological risk assessments are adequate to protect nontarget terrestrial plant species. In the present study, 9 nontarget terrestrial plant species with different lifespans (3 annual/6 perennial) belonging to 6 different plant families were exposed to 4 herbicides with different modes of action at the vegetative (6-8 leaf) and reproductive (bud) stages separately. The plant tests were conducted under controlled conditions in 2 greenhouses, 1 located in Denmark and 1 in Canada. For both growth stages, effects were recorded on vegetative (above-ground biomass 3 wk after treatment) and reproductive endpoints (number and germinability of seeds). In most cases, responses following exposure at the juvenile stage were greater than responses following exposure at the reproductive stage. For the combinations of herbicides and plant species included in the present study, we found that the sensitivities of vegetative and reproductive endpoints were equal, or else vegetative endpoints were more sensitive than reproductive endpoints. We also found that annual species were more sensitive than perennial species. The overall conclusions cover many different response patterns, and it is evident that some effects may not be found in the currently used standard tests. Generally, more pronounced effects were obtained in Denmark compared with Canada, highlighting the fact that even under standardized test conditions and following common guidelines, several uncontrollable factors can still induce variable results. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1389-1404. © 2021 SETAC.
除草剂漂移可能会对自然和半自然植物群落产生不利影响，当前的生态风险评估是否足以保护非靶标陆生植物物种一直存在争议。在本研究中，将隶属于6个不同植物科的9种具有不同寿命的非靶标陆生植物物种（3种一年生/6种多年生）分别在营养生长阶段（6 - 8片叶）和生殖生长阶段（芽期）暴露于4种具有不同作用方式的除草剂中。植物试验在两个温室的可控条件下进行，一个位于丹麦，另一个位于加拿大。对于两个生长阶段，均记录了对营养生长终点（处理后3周地上生物量）和生殖终点（种子数量和发芽能力）的影响。在大多数情况下，幼年阶段暴露后的反应大于生殖阶段暴露后的反应。对于本研究中包含的除草剂和植物物种的组合，我们发现营养生长终点和生殖生长终点的敏感性相当，或者营养生长终点比生殖生长终点更敏感。我们还发现一年生物种比多年生物种更敏感。总体结论涵盖了许多不同的反应模式，很明显在当前使用的标准试验中可能发现不了某些影响。一般来说，与加拿大相比，在丹麦获得的影响更显著，这突出了一个事实，即即使在标准化试验条件下并遵循共同指南，仍有几个不可控因素会导致结果出现差异。《环境毒理学与化学》2021年；40:1389 - 1404。© 2021 SETAC。
