Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Cell Signal. 2021 Apr;80:109929. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109929. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
Spontaneous segregation of cholesterol and sphingolipids as a liquid-ordered phase leads to their clustering in selected membrane areas, the lipid rafts. These specialized membrane domains enriched in gangliosides, sphingomyelin, cholesterol and selected proteins involved in signal transduction, organize and determine the function of multiprotein complexes involved in several aspects of signal transduction, thus regulating cell homeostasis. Sphingosine 1-phosphate, an important biologically active mediator, is involved in several signal transduction processes regulating a plethora of cell functions and, not only several of its downstream effectors tend to localize in lipid rafts, some of the enzymes involved in its pathway, of receptors involved in its signalling and its transporters have been often found in these membrane microdomains. Considering this, in this review we address what is currently known regarding the relationship between sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism and signalling and plasma membrane lipid rafts.
胆固醇和鞘脂自发分离形成有序液相会导致它们在选定的膜区域（脂质筏）中聚集。富含神经节苷脂、鞘磷脂、胆固醇和参与信号转导的特定蛋白质的这些特化膜结构域，组织并决定了参与信号转导多个方面的多蛋白复合物的功能，从而调节细胞内稳态。鞘氨醇 1-磷酸是一种重要的生物活性介质，参与调节多种细胞功能的几个信号转导过程，不仅其下游效应物的一些倾向于定位于脂质筏中，其途径中的一些酶、参与其信号转导的受体及其转运体也经常在这些膜微区中发现。有鉴于此，在本综述中，我们将讨论目前已知的关于鞘氨醇 1-磷酸代谢和信号转导与质膜脂质筏之间的关系。
